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1、英国文学史复习资料整理 202x年x月x日 篇一：英国文学史复习资料撰写 (1) ? historical background: the making of Britain A. Briton (Celtic tribes) B. the Roman Conquest.Roman Briton 1th Julius Caesar A.D.43 Claudius C. mid.5th Anglo.Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) Anglo.Saxon period D. Danish invasion late 8th, Danes late 9th, Alfre
2、d the Great the literature the literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisionspagan and Christian pagan represents the poetry which the Anglo.Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas Christian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks. All of the e
3、arliest poetry of England was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring. The angles, an important Teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called Angle.land afterward shortened into England. The language spoken by these tri
4、bes is generally called Anglo.Saxon or Saxon. Literary term Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were
5、 written down. (examples: Iliad, Odyssey, Chanson de Roland) 2. Beowulf national epic the longest and most monument of A.S poems the oldest surviving epic in British literature. ? oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th) ? set in Denmark and Sweden Beowulf 1. 3183 lines 2. contents: Beo
6、wulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventures Monster.Grendel Grendels mother fiery dragon Theme: primitive peoples struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. Beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but
7、 he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people. Features: part.historical and part legendary heathen tribal society, feudal elements, Christian coloring A.S or ol
8、d English; alliteration metaphor In the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo.Saxons. Brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure. England literature is also a combination of French and Saxo
9、n elements. The three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England 2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes 3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in Chaucer 1 the Norman conquest accele
10、rated the development of feudalism. ? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of land ? on society: distinct class division, miseries of peasants ? on language: scholar wrote in French and Latin; eiched English. The development of romance and knights legends Romance: A long composition, som
11、etimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. The central character is the Knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or King. The rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry. ? Them
12、es of romance: the matter of Britain king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances) the matter of France Charlemagne and his knights (Chanson deRoland) the matter of Rome from the Trojan War to Alexander the Great King Arthur: historical figure of Celts; mythological figure in W
13、elsh literature; legendary hero in ? Geoffery of Monmouth: “History of the Kings of Britain” ? Layamon: “Brut” ? Sir Tomas Malory: “Le Morte D?Arthur” ? Anglo.Saxon ? Later legends about a hero named Arthur were placed in this period of violence. The invaders were variously Angles, Saxons, Frisians,
14、 Jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as Angles or Saxons. The most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (four sections) a.The fight between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight at King Arthur?s Christmas feast
15、. b. Gawain?s adventures on the way to find the Green Knight of the Green Chapel 篇二：英国文学史及选读_复习要点总结 英国文学史及选读第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthurs story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; s
