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1、虚拟语气 Subjunctive mood 陈述语气theindicativemood Youareverycareful. 祈使语气theimperativemood Pleasebecareful! 虚拟语气thesubjunctivemood Iwishyouweremorecareful. 1. I wish I could remember more about my mum. 2. I wish that she were here with me and that we werent sick. 虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事 实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、空
2、想等。 1、在if条件从句中的运用 1）if真实条件句 2）if虚拟条件句（省略if的倒装句） 3）错综条件句 4）含蓄条件句（without，butfor，不定式 ，分词等后） 虚拟语气的运用 1、if条件句中的虚拟语气 If it _ (rain) tomorrow, our trip _ (put off). 构成从句：一般现在时 主句：将来时 rains will be put off 1）if真实条件句 条件从句的谓语谓语 形式主句的谓语谓语 形式 与现现在事 实实相反 动词过动词过 去式 (be用were) should/ would/ could/ might+动动 词词原形 与
3、过过去事 实实相反 had+doneshould/ would/ could/ might+ have done 与将来事 实实相反 1. 动词过动词过 去式 2. should动词动词 原形 3.were to动词动词 原形 should/ would/ could/ might动动 词词原形 2）if非真实条件句 Examples: 1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce. 2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutes earlier,youwouldhavemethim. 3.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwould cometoseeyou. 请注
4、意省略if的 虚拟倒装 WereIyou,I Hadyoucome Wereitsunnytomorrow, 3）错综条件句 IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,I shouldknowwhattodonow. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该 怎么办了。 注：当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间 不一致时，虚拟语气的应作相应的调整 。 4）含蓄条件句 WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou? 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上 下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体分 为两类： *条件暗含在短语中： Butforyourhelpwecou
5、ldnthavesucceededin theexperiment. Imreallyverybusy,otherwiseIwouldcertainlygo therewithyou. *条件暗含在上下文中： Iwouldnothavedoneit(ifIwereyou). Iwouldhaveboughtit(ifIhadhadthemoney). 非真实条件句中的条件从句除用if引导外，还可以用 when,unless,suppose,asif,forfear,incase,on condition等词来引导。 *UnlessIwerewell,Iwouldntbeatschool. *S
6、upposeyouweregivenachancetostudyin America,wouldyouaccept? *Hecanusethebicycleonconditionthathe shouldreturnittomorrow. *IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeofmypromise. *Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,it looksasifitwerebroken. *Evenifheweretocomehere,hecouldnotsolve theproblem. 2、在主语从句中 谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇
7、，不相信，惋惜，理 应如此等主观的情感，其谓语动词用should +动词原形 ，should 可以省略。 Itisstrangethatsheshouldwearsuchacoat. Itisnecessarythatweshouldcleantheroomevery day.(important,natural,right,etc.) Itisapitythatyoushouldbesocareless. ItisrequestedthatMissLiushouldgivea performanceattheparty.(要求,建议,命令suggested, decided,ordered,
8、requested,proposed,etc) 3、宾语从句 n1)表示命令，建议，要求，如suggest, demand,order,insist,request,require, command等后接宾语从句，多用虚拟语气 (should)+动词原形 We suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us. 注：insist/suggest不接虚拟的用法 Sheinsistedthatshehadseenthethief. 她坚持说她看见了那个贼。（坚持事实） Hisuncl
9、einsiststhatheshouldnotstay inthehotel. 他的叔叔坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。 Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill andIsuggestedthatheshouldgotothe hospitalatonce. n2)用在wish 后面 Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.-现在 Iwishhevisitedusnow. Iwishyoucouldgowithus.-将来 Wewishwehadarrivedheretwohoursearlier. -过去 3)would rather+从句之后
10、Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.-过去 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.-现在 Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucame tomorrow.-将来 （动词的用法同wish的宾语从句） 注：ifonly用法类似 意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只 要.就好 表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 IfonlyIhadarrivedintime! Ifonlyshedidntdrivesofast. 4、虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句 表示要求、命令、建议的名词，如advice, idea, order,
11、demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓 语动词的构成是should +动词原形 We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for our summer vocation. My idea is that we should go to Beijing for our summer vacation. 5.虚拟语气用于定语从句 It is (high) time that It is time that we left sch
12、ool. It is time that we should leave school. (should不可以省略) 1.Ifhe_hislegsyesterday,he_withus now. A.hadnthurt;wouldgo B.hadnthurt;wouldhavegone C.didnthurt;wouldgo D.didnthurt;wouldhavegone 2._beforewedepartthedayafter tomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfulparty. A.Hadtheyarrived B.Wouldtheyarrive C.Wereth
13、eyarriving D.Weretheytoarrive 3. I was away that day, otherwise I _ the lecture. A.had attended B.would have attended C.would attend D.attended E. with，without，but for，but， otherwise F.4. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followB. had followed C. would followD. have
14、 followed 5.-DoyoumindifIopenthewindow? -_Ifeelabitcold. A.Ofcoursenot.B.Idratheryoudidnt. C.Goahead.D.Whynot? 6.-Dontyouthinkitnecessarythathe_ toMiamibuttoNewYork? -Iagree,buttheproblemis_hehas refusedto. A.willnotbesent;that B.notbesent;that C.shouldnotbesent;what D.shouldnotsend;what A D 6.Alan_
15、thepartyifhehadgoneto London. A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissed C.wouldmissD.missed 7.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I_ youattheairport. A.hadmetB.met C.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet B A B 8.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.) A.listenedB.hadlistened C.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten 9.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse. A.sellB.s
16、old C.shallsellD.wouldsell 10.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity. A.goB.went C.hasgoneD.hadgone 11.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_a squaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparents feedhimverywell. A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget 12.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaas ifhe_there. A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been 13.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgot anythen. A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelent C.couldlendD.mayhavelent C A B 14.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing? -No,butIwishI_. A.haveB.willC.doD.had 15.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou _. A.willgoB.wentC.goD
