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1、非谓语动词本章节内容：1.非谓语动词基本形式2.非谓语动词的判定3.非谓语动词的分类（不定式，动名词）4.非谓语动词练习1非谓语动词基本形式动词：He asks meto help him often. 谓语 非谓语1.谓语动词：时态/被动语态2.非谓语：do/ to do/ doing/ done2非谓语动词的判定非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、词形填空和词组翻译题型中均有涉及。学生在做此类试题时应先分析本题该用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后才能确定选用动词的哪种形式或者非谓语的哪种形式。如何确定使用动词的哪种形式具体讲解详见动词的时态，
2、下面列举几种常见的判定非谓语动词形式的方法：1.如何判定本题该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下，动词作谓语放在主语之后，如“I love you.”中，love就是谓语动词。当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与所填动词并列时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词可以在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语及插入语。3非谓语动词的分类（不定式，动名词）1）不定式1.不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+
3、to+动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。2.不定式的基本用法用法说明例句作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻。其结构为It+be+adj.+to do sth.To learn English well is useful.=It is useful to learn English well.如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个for短语。其结构为It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.It is good for you to go out for a walk.某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(
4、如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个of短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.Its not polite of him to speak to old people like that.两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式通常省略toTo go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.作宾语不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的及物动词有:begin,choose,continue,decid
5、e,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等I cant afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面I find it easy to read English every day.作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want,ask,tell,allo
6、w,get,would like,advise,encourage等My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变被动语态时必须加上toI often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.动词help后面的不定式,既可以带to,也可以不带toYou must help me(to)do my hom
7、ework this afternoon.作定语作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后I have some clothes to wash.如果不定式是不及物动词,且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,则不定式要加上相应的介词He is looking for a room to live in.We have a lot of things to talk about.当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上省略介词My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.不定式修饰 something,any
8、thing,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是“something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式”I had something cold to drink.作状语不定式作目的状语时可放在句首或句尾To be a good student,one must study hard.和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语We are sorry to trouble you.作程度或结果状语时,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用He is old enough t
9、o go to school.He is too young to go to school.作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明His wish is to become a doctor.和疑问词连用不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分He didn t know where to go.=He didn t know where he should go.动词不定式的特殊句型:tooto “太而不能”。如：The boy is too young to look after him
10、self. 那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。enough to“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大能去上学了。Why dont you +省略to的不定式？=Why not +省略to的不定式？为什么不呢？如：Why don t you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？had better+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做如：You d better not stay here today. 你今天最好别待在这儿。Will you
11、please+省略to的不定式?你愿意吗？如：Will you please close the door? 能请你把门关上吗？prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是的”如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。It
12、+be+形容词+不定式Its hard to say which one is better.很难说哪一个更好。It+be+名词+不定式It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。It+动词+名词/副词+不定式It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。2).动名词1作主语单独作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式。如：Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看书对你的
13、眼睛不好。Reading and writing are necessary for us. 读书和写作对我们很有必要。2作表语动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如：His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。3作宾语动词宾语, 多用来表示习惯性动作。如：I like playing football very much.我非常喜欢踢足球。常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy喜欢 mind 介意 finish 完成keep持续 sugg
14、est 建议 practice 练习consider考虑 miss错过 imagine想象avoid避免 cant help忍不住 go on 继续be worth值得 be busy忙于 give up放弃succeed in成功，设法look forward to期待be used to习惯于end up以结束put off推迟pay attention to注意be interested in对感兴趣注意：含有介词to的固定短语：make (a) contribution (s) to 为做贡献devote oneself to 献身，致力于look forward to 期待，盼望preferto 比起更喜欢be used to 习惯，适应pay attention to注意某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别1.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做）I
