第二部分语法精研,专题十一简单句的基本句型,返回,目录,目录,CONTENTS,要点聚焦,精准导练,01,专项练习,能力通关,02,命题点一五种基本句型,1.,主谓（,SV,）,此句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词,，,本身可以表达完整意思,，,不需,要接宾语和补语,，,但有时可有副词,、,介词短语等状语修饰语,The,bus,stopped,.,公交车停了,I,study,hard,.,我努力学习,My,mother,and,I,are,walking,in,the,park,.,我和妈妈在公园里散步,2.,主系表（,SVP,）,此句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可,，,系动词不能单独作谓语,，,系动词后跟形容词,、,名词或代词充当表语,，,两者一起构成,“,系表,”,结,构,，,充当复合谓语来说明主语的身份,、,性质或状态等,如,：,I,am,a,teacher,.,我是教师,She,looks,beautiful,.,她,看起,来,好美,The,leaves,turn,yellow,.,树叶变黄了,3,.,主谓宾（,SVO,）,此句型用于说明,“,某人或某物做什么事情,”,，,谓语动词为及物动,词,，,本身不能表达完整的意思,，,后须跟宾语,，,宾语可以由名词,、,代词,、,动词不定式或动名词充当,。
如,：,I,study,English,.,我学习英语,He,helped,me,.,他帮助了我,It,began,to,rain,.,天开始下雨,I,like,playing,the,piano,.,我,喜欢,弹钢琴,4,.,主谓宾宾（,SVOO,）,此句型的谓语为及物动词,，,需接两个宾语才能表达完整意义,，,间接,宾语,（,人,）,在前,，,直接宾语,（,物,）,在后,如,：,He,gave,me,a,gift,.,他送给我一个礼物,She,made,me,a,cake,.,她给我做了一个蛋糕,此类句型也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语后,，,但要加上介词,to,或,for,如,：,He,gave,a,gift,to,me,.,She,made,a,cake,for,me,.,当直接宾语为人称代词,it,或,them,时,，,it,或,them,要放在间接宾语前面,如,：,Give,it,to,me,，,please,.,请把它给我,不,能,说,Give,me,it,，,please,.,【注意】,常见接双宾语的单词,to,：,give,，,show,，,tell,，,bring,，,send,，,teach,，,sell,，,pass,，,lend,，,throw,，,hand,，,offer,，,write,等,for,：,make,，,buy,，,build,，,cook,，,get,，,find,，,sing,，,play,，,do,，,choose,，,order,等,5.,主谓宾宾补（,SVOC,）,此句型中的谓语动词为不完全及物动词,，,只有宾语意义不完整,，,需,接,宾补意思才完整,。
宾语和宾补存在逻辑上的主谓关系,，,这也是区分,双,宾语,结构的方法,可用作宾补的词有形容词,、,名词,、,动词不定式,、,v.-,ing,形式,、,v,.-,ed,形式,、,介词短语,如,：,They,painted,the,door,red,.,他们把这个门涂成红色,We,call,the,girl,Mary,.,我们叫这个女孩玛丽,We,have,invited,all,our,friends,to,come,.,我们邀请所有的,朋友过来,I,saw,the,girls,dancing,in,the,hall,.,我看见女孩们在大厅里跳舞,He,got,his,bad,teeth,pulled,out,yesterday,.,他昨天把坏牙拔了,She,found,herself,at,the,foot,of,the,mountain,.,她发现自己在山脚下,用于此句型的典型动词,感官动词可接不带,to,的不定式或,v,.-,ing/,v,.-,ed,作补语,常见的感官,动,词,有,：,see,，,watch,，,notice,，,hear,，,feel,，,smell,，,taste,。
如,：,I,saw,him,enter,the,building,.,我看见他进楼了,I,heard,him,talking,about,his,father,when,I,entered,the,room,.,我进,屋时,，,听见他正在谈论他父亲,I,heard,the,window,glass,broken,by,someone,.,我听见窗户玻璃被,人,打破,了,使役动词可接省略,to,的不定式或,v,.-,ed,作补语,常见的使役动词,有,：,make,，,have,，,let,如,：,He,makes,me,laugh,.,他让我发笑,I,have,my,hair,cut,.,我把头发剪了,小试身手,汉译英1.,这本书很有趣2.,母亲节那天我给妈妈买了一些花3.,优美的音乐使我放松,4.,我们想让更多的学生加入讲故事的俱乐部The,book,is,very,interesting,.,I,bought,my,mother,some,flowers,on,Mothers,Day,.,The,beautiful,music,makes,me,relax,.,Wed,like,more,students,to,join,the,story,telling,club,.,命题点二,There,be,句型,该句型的基本结构为,“,there,be,主语,时间,/,地点状语,”,，,是个半,倒装句型,。
该句型遵循就近原则,，,be,动词和主语在人称和数上必须保持,一致,，,如果,there,be,句型有两个或两个以上的主语,，,be,动词与最邻近主语,的数和人称保持一致,如,：,There,are,always,guards,around,me,.,我周围总是有警卫,There,is,an,apple,on,the,table,.,桌子上有一个苹果,There,is,a,book,and,three,pens,on,the,desk,.,桌子上有一本书和,三支钢笔,There,be,的否定句型结构为,“,There,be,not,any/a/an,名词,”,或,“,There,be,no,名词,”,如,：,There,are,not,any,books,on,the,desk,.,桌子上没有书,There,is,no,juice,in,the,glass,.,玻璃杯里没有果汁,1.,表示,“,有,”,，,there be,“,某处有某物,/,某人,”,，,强调存在,；,have/has,“,某人有某物,”,，强调所属如：,There,is,some,bread,on,the,plate,.,盘子里有一些面包,。
I,have,many,beautiful,dresses,.,我有很多漂亮的裙子,注意】,2,.,表示,“,发生,”,，,there be,“,某时发生某事,”,；,there be,sb./sth.,doing sth.,“,某人正在做某事,/,某事正在发生,”,如：,There,was,a,lot,of,rain,yesterday,.,昨天雨下得很大,There,are,some,boys,playing,basketball,on,the,playground,.,操场上有几个,男孩在打篮球,常见时态形式,1.,一般现在时结构：,There is/are,主语其他如：,There,are,some,birds,in,the,tree,.,树上有几只鸟,2.,一般过去时结构：,There was/were,主语其他如：,There,was,a,meeting,yesterday,.,昨天有一场会议,3.,一般将来时结构：,There is going to be/There will be,主语,其,他,如：,There,will,be,a,show,on,Monday,.,星期一将有一场演出,。
4.,含有情态动词的结构：,There,情态动词,be,主语其他如：,He,felt,there,must,be,something,wrong,.,他觉得一定是出了什么问题,小试身手,单句填空1.,（,2024,绥化,）,Look,！,There,some information about traffic rules,in this book.,2.,（,2024,南充,）,In the Tang Dynasty,，,there,huge progress in the,technology of sugar making.,3.,（,2024,长春,）,There,many ancient Chinese poems in this,book.Which one do you like best,？,Climbing,a,Tower,by,Wang,Zhihuan,.,is,was,are,以下是李华的一篇习作，其中有五处错误，请找出并进行改正I,have,a,happy,family,.,My,parents,is,busy,every,day,.,They,go,out,early,and,come,back,late,.,Last,weekend,，,after,I,finished,my,homework,，,I,want,to,help,them,do,some,housework,.,I,saw,a,lot,of,clothes,in,the,bathroom,.,So,I,put,them,in,the,washing,machine,.,After,about,45,minutes,，,I,hung them,up,.,is,want,are,wanted,When,my,parents,came,home,，,they,are,very,happy,.,The,next,morning,，,my,father,looked,for,his,white,shirt,for,a,long,time,，,but,couldnt,find,.,Then,my,mother,came,to,help,.,Finally,，,it,was,found,that,his,white,shirt,was,now,a,colorful,shirt,，,with,many,colors,，,such,as,black,，,blue,and,so,on,.,Dad,said,it,looked,cool,and,wore,it,to,work,.,My,mother,laughs,whenever,she,think,of,the,colorful,shirt,.,are,are,think,were,it,thinks,一、,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
In,my,opinion,，,the,most,common,way,to,learn,English,is,to,practice,more,.,Practice,1,.,（,make,）,perfect,.,Nothing,would,be,difficult,with,enough,practice,.,For,example,，,if,someone,2,.,（,find,）,it,hard,to,remember,vocabulary,，,he,can,see,the,words,every,day,before,h。