7A版优质实用文档TheEnglishfortheOilIndustryPETROLEUMPROGRAMME石油英语教程BBC(ENGLISH)ContentsUnit 1 The Rig(钻机) 3Unit 2 Fishing Jobs（打捞工作） 11Unit 3 Traps ＆ Geology（圈闭和地质） 20Unit 4 Reservoir Fluids（油藏流体） 28Unit 5 Natural Flow（自喷） 38Unit 6 Blowout Control（井控） 47Unit 7 Drives and Stimulation（驱油和增产措施） 55Unit 8 Directional Wells（定向井） 64Unit 9 Jobs on the Rig（钻井作业） 72Unit 10 Gathering Centres（集输中心） 81Unit 11 Downstream of Production(生产下游) 88Unit 12 Primary ＆ Secondary Refining(粗炼和精炼) 97Unit 13 Finishing Processes(精炼工艺) 105Unit 14 Refinery Products(炼制产品) 113Unit 15 Safety(安全) 122Unit 16 Ways of Improving Recovery（提高原油采收率的方法） 131Unit 17 Unconventional Sources of Oil（特殊石油资源） 139Unit 18 Oil ＆ The Environment（石油与环境） 146Unit 19 Oil Conservation（石油资源保护） 154Unit 20 Into the Future（能源前景） 16117A版优质实用文档7A版优质实用文档THEPETROLEUMPROGRAMMEBBC(English)Unit1TheRig(钻机)SectionAREADINGCOMPREHENSIONReadthefollowingpassageIfthereareanywordsoreGpressionsthatyoudon'tunderstand，lookunderSpecialwordsandEGpressions。
thediagramswillalsohelpyouOiliscontainedinrocksunderthegroundandtheseaGtofindit(注1)，oilmenhavetodrillboreholesTheequipmentfordrillingtheseholesisthedrillingrigMostrigsworkontherotarysystemAbitrotatesattheendofapipeAsthebitrotates，itcutsandcrushestherockatthebottomoftheholeThecuttingsarecarriedtothesurfacebyaspecialfluidThisfluidiscalled'mud'MudisamiGtureofclay，waterandchemicalsLookatthediagramofrotaryrigNoticethestringThisGismadeupof(注2)'joints'or'singles'Eachjointorsingleisahollowsectionofpipe，G30ft。
Long(注3)ThestringismadeupofGanumberofthesesingles(注4)，alljoinedtogetherThebitisconnectedtothebottomofthestringAtthetopofthestringthereisaspecialpipecalledthe'kelly'Thekellyisn'tronud，butheGagonalitfitsinto(注5)aheGagonalholeintherotarytableTherotarytableturnsthekelly，thekellyturnsthestringandthestringturnstherotarybitRotaryDrillingRigCrownBlock天车Derrick井架TravellingBlock游车Hook大钩Swivel水龙头Kelly方钻杆Kellyhose水龙带Standpipe立管Rotarytable转盘Drawworks绞车MudTanks泥浆罐ShaleShaker震动筛String钻柱Jont/Single钻杆Bit钻头Annulus环行空间Mudisnotonlyusedforcarryingthecuttingsuptothesurface。
ItalsousedGforkeepingthebitcool(注6)ThemudispumpeddownthroughthestringItcomesbackupagainthroughtheannulusThemudengineeror'mudman'Gisinchargeof(注7)themudGForeGample(注8)，hetellsthefloormenhowtomiGthemudatthemudtanksTheMudSystemMudpumps泥浆泵Nozzles钻头水眼→Muddown泥浆下降→Mudup泥浆上返GItisoftennecessarytopullthestringoutofthehole(注9)TherearedifferentreasonsforthisPerhaps，foreGample，thedrillbitisdullIfthebitisdullitmusttripthepipeTodothis，thedrillerandthefloormenmusttripthepipeTheymustpullthestringout，changethebit，andthenrunthestringbackintothehole。
Trippingthepipeisalsocalled'makingaroundtrip'RoundtripsareeGpensiveOilmenmakethemonlyiftheymustSpecialWordsandeGpressionsboreholes:Inpetroleumindustry，thewords'borehole'，'hole'，'well'，and'oilwell'usualymeanthesamethingrotary:turninglikeawheelrotates:turnsaroundandaroundlikeawheelcrushes:breaksupintosmallpiecea，usinggreatpowercuttings:thepiecesofrockdrilledbythebitfluid:anythingthatflowsLiquids，gasesandmeltedsubstencesareallfluidsclay:anearthymaterial，plasticwhenitiswetThemostcommonclayindrillingfluidisbentonite。
Bentoniteconsistsofcalcium(Ca)，magnesium(Mg)andaluminium(Al)Itismadeupof:consistsofBentoniteismadeupofCa，Mg，andAlhollow:havinganemptyspaceontheinsideDrillpipeishollow，sothatmudcanpassthroughitheGagonal:havingsiGanglesandsiGsidesfloormen:workersonarigFloormenarealsocalled'roughnecks'Amudmanordrillercantellafloormanwhattododull:notsharp;wornout;goneIfthebitisgone，itmustbechangeddriller:thepersoninchargeofthedrillingComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestionsTheinformationcanbeeitherinthereadingpassageanddiagramsorinSpecialWordsandEGpressions。
aWhatisthedriller'sjob?(HeisHowlongisasingle?Howlongisajoint?(theyarebothAsthebitrotates，whattwothingsdoesitdo?dInthepetroleumindustry，whatismud?eWhatisthestringmadeupof?fWhatisthenameofthespacebetweenthedrillpipeandthesidesoftheborehole?(ThespaceiscalledWhomiGesthemud?WhereisthemudmiGed?hOilmenmakeroundtripsonlyiftheymustWhy?(BecauseWhatisbentonite?Whatdoesitconsistof?jWhyisthedrillpipehollow?(Sothat...)NowchoosefromthesewordsandeGpressionstocompletetheparagraphbelow:cuttings，fluid，shaleshaker，rotary，mudtanks，annulus，crushes。
The...bitcutand...therockatthebottomoftheholeDrilling...carriesthe...fromthebottomofthehole，upthe...tothesurfaceThecuttingsareseparatedfromthemudatthe...，andthecleanmudthenreturnstothe...SectionBLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION11ListentotheconversationbetweenBobandGeogeBOB:GHey(注1)，George!Overhere!GEORGE:GYeah?(注2)BOB:GWe'llhavetotripthepipe(注3)GEORGE:What?BOB:Isaidwe'llhavetotripthepipeGEORGE:What'swrong，Bob?BOB:I'mnotsureWe'llhavetobringitupandfindoutGEORGE:GAnyideas?(注4)BOB:IthinkGthebit'sgone(注5)GEORGE:Thebit?BOB:GAye(注6)。