从语法关系分析阅读中的长难句l句子过长或者复杂原因：l句子除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分 ：l如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句 或较长的非谓语动词短语等等l这些附属成分常有逗号或分隔符号与句子 隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整 的句子被断开，因而增加句意理解的难度 分析长难度的基本方法l1.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句l2.找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，l3.分清句子附属成分处理长难句的原则方法l复杂的单句l复杂的并列句l复杂的主从复合句复杂的单句l跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构：l 将长句化为短句l 将难句化为易句l具体步骤是：l1.跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主 干并理解其意义；l2. 分段理解修饰成分或附加成分1.跳读插入语l例句分析：lTristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records.l Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. l(Tristan da Cunha 是世界上无人居住的最 偏僻的岛屿，该岛面积为38平方英里，而 且这是吉尼斯记录之一 ） 主语：特里斯坦-达库尼亚 群岛 同位语插入语后置定语2. 跳读非谓语动词短语 l 例句分析：lDiscovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡 萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. lDiscovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡 萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.非谓语动词短语作状语后置定语 后置 定语（这个岛屿是在1506年被一个名叫Tristan da Cunha的葡萄牙海军上将发现的，1810年开始 有人居住） 3. 跳读分隔现象：l例句分析：lComing in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.lComing in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.倒装非限制性定语从句倒装句：倒装句：Coming in a close second Coming in a close second is is Easter Island Easter Island正常语序：Easter Island is coming in a close second译文：复活节岛是紧跟第二的最偏僻的岛屿常常 被误认为是最偏僻的岛屿，它在最临近的岛屿皮 特克恩岛东面1,260英里，在南美西面2,300英里 。
同位语插入语改写为另一长难句：lAs lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America，Easter Island， which is often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island ，is coming in a close second. 4. 跳读定语从句 l例句1分析：lThe mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. lThe mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. l译文：五世纪左右，可能是在大海里迷路 的人在那里定居 限制性定语从句l例句2分析：lThey had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.lThey had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.非限制性定语从句译文：该岛与外界隔绝了一千多年，使得岛上的人们有充足的时间来修 建一千多具巨大的石雕，命名为摩埃。
该岛以这些石雕而闻名 n. 摩埃（位于智利复活节岛的 巨型石像） 。