1 - 2000 年阅读真题精解(2011-06-13 09:29:52) 转载标签：黄涛考研真题答案教育分类：阅读篇2000 Text 1 A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted, according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as a golden age of business management in the United States. 51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War because_. A it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal B its domestic market was eight times larger than before C the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors D the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American _. A TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market B semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises - 2 - C machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions D auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 53. What can be inferred from the passage? A It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. B Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. C The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. D A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 54. The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the_. A turning of the business cycle B restructuring of industry C improved business management D success in education 核心词汇1. effortless 没有努力的2. dreadful 可怕的3. handicap 障碍4. handle 处理；解决5. drive 驱动； driving force 驱动力6. glowing 光辉的；灿烂的7. competitor 竞争对手8. unparalleled 无可比拟的； unmatched=matchless 无可比拟的9. skilled 熟练的- 3 - 10. beyond 超出11. inevitable 不可避免的12. primacy 主导地位13. narrow 缩小14. retreat 撤退；后退15. predominance 绝对主导地位16. at a loss over 对 , 不知所措17. fade 消退；减弱18. competitiveness 竞争力19. shrink 缩小；萎缩20. vanish 消失21. in the face of 面对22. textile 纺织品23. sweep into 涌入24. domestic 国内25. on the ropes 危在旦夕；命悬一线26. casualty 牺牲品27. cause 引起28. take,for granted 想当然29. inquiry 调查；询问30. sensational 轰动一时的31. look back on 回顾32. solid 稳定；固定33. attribute,to 把, .归因于- 4 - 34. solely 仅仅35. devalue 贬值36. self-doubt 自我怀疑37. yield to 让位于38. blind pride 盲目自豪39. go on a diet 减肥；裁剪机构40. quick-witted 才智敏捷难句精解A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. 该句是一个并列句，由前后两个转折关系的分句组成，其间的连词为but。
but 与后一个分句之间又插入一个由if 引导的条件状语if properly handled ，该状语原来是一个if 引导的条件状语从句，即if it(a history of long and effortless success) is properly handled，其中的 it is 由于和该分句的主句部分主谓语一致而被省略掉了本句结构比较简明，只需注意but 与 it may become a。