指示代词一、指示代词:是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已提到过的名词二、分类:指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:作限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.作代词:This is Mary/Those are my teachers.三、句法功能:指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语主语:This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做宾语:I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个多于那个介词宾语:I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕表语:My point is this. 我的观点就是如此定语:This room is mine. 这间房间是我的四、用法:1、this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物,that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。
例如:This is a pen and that's an eraser. 这是一支笔,那是块橡皮擦2、指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境例如:I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.我喜欢今天的这个电影,胜过昨晚的那个音乐会3、指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人也可指物但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人例如:I found this wallet. I found this. 我找到了这只皮夹子我找到了这个this 等于 this wallet)4、相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时,则指物指人均可例如:What are these? 那些是什么?(指物)5、打过程中,介绍自己时通常用this指代"我",不用代词I;询问对方时用that指代"你",不用代词you例如:----Hello. This is Mary. Who's that? 喂,我是玛丽你是谁?----This is Tom. 我是汤姆6、当指示代词所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词则用it或they代替例如:This (suit) is expensive, isn't it? 这套衣服昂贵,不是吗?五、注意事项1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。
that作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚this作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this. 我买这个this指物,可作宾语)2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人those指人)(错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人those指人)(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西those指物)3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时,如果指示代词指人,其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词,也可以用it或者they;但指事物时,只能用it或者they。
例如:Who's that? That's/It's Liu Dehua.那是谁?那是刘德华What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什么?那些是篮球4、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时,不管指示代词指人还是指物,答语中都用it或they例如:Is this a ruler? Yes, it is.Are those your friends? No, they aren't.5、为避免重复,有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物;用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物例如:She's very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善,这就是我们都喜欢她的原因You needn't do this - It's pretty easy. 你不必做这事,那相当容易6、向别人介绍某个人时,要说" This is ….",而不说" That is ….",也不能说" He is …."或" She is …."介绍两个人时,先用" This is …."介绍一个人,然后用" That is …."介绍另一个人。
如:This is Li Ming. Li Ming, this is Wei Hua. 这是李明李明,这是魏华This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥,那是我妹妹7、one,that 和it的区别:one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)我找不到我的帽子了我想我该去买一顶The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子我不知道我把它放在哪了 4。