高中语法省略讲解及练习 省略省略的使用主要是为了避免重复句子中的某个词、短语甚至整个从句都可以省略严格来说，凡是省略的成分都可以被添补出来，使省略句变成完整的句子省略可以使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出、表达有力，原则是不损害结构、不引起歧义一、功能词的省略没有意义的功能词如冠词、介词、助动词等，常被省略1）冠词的省略：两个并列名词前面的都有冠词时，第二个名词前的冠词常可以被省略Is the baby a boy or (a) girl?但若省略了第二个冠词后会误认为是同一个人或物时，就不可省略They are the gardener and the gatekeeper.as 引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的名词提前时，冠词要省略Child as he is, he knows a lot.（2）介词的省略：Of在与age，size，colour，height，shape等名词连用时可以省略The two pairs of shoes are (of) the same size.一些固定结构中，介词常被省略：be busy/occupied (in) doing sth.have trouble/difficulty/fun (in) doing sth.spend one’s time (in) doing sth.There is no use/point/sense (in) doing sth.stop/ prevent …(from) doing sth.二、基本句子种类的省略1. 陈述句中的省略（1）句子成分的省略为了避免重复或是使句子更简洁，在不引起歧义的情况下，常把某些成分省略，构成省略结构。
I) Beg your pardon for what I did.（我）请你原谅我做的事省略主语）Some of us study English, others (study) French.我们中有些人学习英语，有些人学习法语省略谓语）The little girl is eating (food).这个小女孩在吃东西省略宾语）（2）年龄和钟点等的省略主要省去年龄或者钟点的相关名词He is thirty (years old). 他二十（岁）了It is five (o’clock). 现在五点（钟）了3）名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅、店铺、教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略Jack and his sister stayed in his uncle’s (home) during the summer vacation.The girl’s handwriting is much better than her brother’s (handwriting).（4）标签、新闻标题、说明书等要求简练醒目，需要根据上下文推敲其省略部分No smoking=No smoking is allowed here.Do not bend=Do not bend the envelope.Opera Ok, costumes great=The opera was ok, and the costumes were great.（5）答句的省略。
—Which language are you studying? —(I’m studying) Chinese.—Are you a student? —Yes，I am (a student).（6）并列句中，省略相同的成分This beeper works well, but that one doesn’t (work well)I’m willing to meet her when (she likes) and where she likes.2. 疑问句中的省略（1）在一般疑问句中，可部分省略主语、助动词，使问句更简洁明了Do you) Mind if I sit down?(Is there) Anything else?(Have you) Been here before?(I beg your) Pardon?（2）在特殊疑问句中，多进行一些次重省略，也就是在某些特殊疑问句中，将次重要部分省略，以突出重点常见的是why not do?或why do?Why (do) not (you do that)?Why (do) not (you) join us?3. 祈使句中的省略，常省略主语you。
You) Open this window.(You) Don’t give up when you meet with trouble.4. 感叹句中的省略，常对非感叹部分进行省略，即突出感叹的部分，省去非感叹的部分What a lovely autumn day (it is)!How amazing (it is)!三、比较结构的省略在“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构中，可以省略其余部分由than和as引导的比较句式中的承前部分也可省略The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).He is cleverer than any other boy (is).He is not so busy as he was (busy) last year.四、不定式的省略1. 如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，通常保留be，have和have beenThey may go if they wish to (go).The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to (play in the street).—Are you a sailor? —No, but I used to be.—He hasn’t finished yet. —Well, he ought to have.2. 在动词expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, would like, agree, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后边跟动词不定式作宾语时，不定式承前时省略动词原形只保留不定式符号to。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to (see the film).—Will you go to the cinema with me? —Well, I’d like to (go with you).3. 在某些形容词，如glad, happy, pleased, willing, eager, delighted等后面，承前时省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to—Will you join in the game? —I’d be glad to (join in the game).4. 有些动词，比如tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时，不定式承前省略动词原形，保留动词不定式符号toHe didn’t come, though we had invited him to (come).5. believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be+n. /adj.中的to be可以省略。
I consider him (to be) lazy.His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.6. 感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，to必须保留I saw the girl cross the street. The girl was seen to cross the street.7. 并列结构中为了避免重复，省略第二个不定式中的to，但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，后一个to不可省略I’m really puzzled how to think or say.I came not to scold but to praise you.8. 作为介词but, except, besides等后的宾语，前面出现了实义动词do的某种形式时，常省略不定式符号to，否则要带toWe have nothing to do now but wait.I have no choice but to accept the fact.can’t help but do sth.9. 主语部分有to do或者暗含to do，且谓语动词是is或was时，作为表语的不定式通常省去to。
The only thing you have to do is press the button.All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard.五、主从复合句的省略1. 名词性从句中的省略（1）在that引导的宾语从句中，通常可省略第一个that，其余的不能省The girls told him (that) they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.I’m sure (that) you will win the game.（2）在which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句中，常可省略与主句相同的部分，仅保留一个连词My teacher will go to London, but I don’t know when (he will go to London).She can’t come, but is don’t know why (she can’t come).（3）在对话中，答语有时是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，尤其以I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose等开头的答句中，后面常用so、not或其他方式来省略上文或替代问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Will it snow tonight? —I hope (it will) not (snow tonight).—Is Mr. King in his office? —Sorry, I don’t know (whether he is in his office or not).—I think so/ I think not/ I don’t think so.（4）有形式主语it的主语从句可以省略that。