常用词的学术替换动词替换：1.Improve 提高：Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company.Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced.Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望2.change 改变：Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects.Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children. Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。
而stress则和emphasize差不多)4.Develop培养：Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.5.Break 破坏：Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibilityJeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词比如Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the whole city.6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。
7.deal With解决Tackle: tackle the problem.Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式8.need 需要Require：xxx requires courage and confidence.Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法形容词替换：1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread: 随便用Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥2.Good 好的（太多了）Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive…Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system.Advantageous: 特指有益的。
Advantageous industry：优势产业 3.Harmful 有害的Unfavorable, horrible, disgustingInhumane: 没人性的lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.)severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent、ampleThere are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！)5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.）an impoverished student.7.Serious 严重的Severe8.Obvious 明显的Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system.Apparent、EvidentPatent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。
9.cheap 便宜的Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜经济适用房：economically affordable housingInexpensive=cheapReasonable：价格合理的Reasonable priceAffordable：能够支付的名词替换：1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-4/6Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy and food intolerance (TBBT里面的Howard就有lactose intolerance，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹rash哈哈)再想牛就用schism比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical medicine and public health.(有本书就叫这个)3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency：一般crime都用不到。
指道德败坏，违法行为，为显示词汇量可以与crime连用Criminal Act：犯罪行为4.Environment 环境Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体Nearby可与之互换The surrounding area.Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候则不能5.Pollution 污染Contamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp还不错：contaminated water—特指被污染的水6.Human 人类Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词The human raceHumankindHumanity：特别指出，用来表示人性其他一概不要用虽然也有人之类的意思7.Danger 危险Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；safety/nature hazard.8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary societyIn present-day societyIn this day and age（这是最牛的说法）1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad。