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英语中动词常见的几种变化规则

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英语中动词常见的几种变化规则动词原形变单数第三人称形式(用于一般现在时)1、一般情况加s(注:以上括号中分别为该动词的过去式和过去分词water ,waters  ( watered,  watered) sweep ,sweeps ( swept , swept)make ,makes  (made,  made) set ,  sets    (set,  set)put , puts    ( put,  put) work, works,  (worked worked)2、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加eswatch ,watches  (watched, watched) finish , finishes  (finished, finished)3、y前是辅音改y为i加escarry , carries  (carried ,carried) study, studies  (studied, studied)4、特殊情况have变has现在分词变化规则 (用于进行体)1 .一般情况下直接加ingthink---thinking              sleep---sleeping study---studying            speak---speaking say---saying2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake---waking              make---making come---coming             take---taking leave---leaving              have---having dance----dancing          ride----riding write---writing3.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing          stop---stopping           sit---sitting   run---running               forget---forgetting          begin---beginning4. 以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing                              lie---lying         die→dying5.以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing 。

例如: begin,cut,  get,  hit,  run,  sit,  stop, set,  swim, fit,  dig, forget等 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则(过去式用于一般过去时,过去分词用于完成体和被动语态)过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种一. 规则变化1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked—asked, work—worked—worked2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved—loved, dance—danced—danced3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried—tried, study—studied—studied carry—carried—carried 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted注:A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

  B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked(交易,在…通行)另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记见后)  C. 读音与说明:①V.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped②V.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed,  changed,  planned,  preferred,  followed,  stayed③ .V-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted,  needed,  admitted, permitted  二、 动词的(原型—过去式—过去分词)不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可主要分为五种情况1、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同cost(花费)      cost         cost cut(割)       cut          cuthit(打)          hit          hit hurt 伤害)     hurt         hurtlet(让)      let          let put(放)       put       putread (读)     read       read2、A—A—B型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat(跳动)  beat    beaten3、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。

bring—brought—brought        think—thought—thought  buy—bought—bought          fight—fought—fought build—built—built            lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent                  spend—spent— spentcatch—caught—caught           teach—taught—taught    keep—kept—kept                  sleep—slept—sleptsweep— swept—swept tell—told—told                    sell—sold—sold learn—learnt—learnt smell—smelt—smelt               spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt—felt       mean—meant—meantsay—said—said                    pay—paid—paid  lay—laid—laid                    hear—heard—heardmeet—met—met                 get—got—got sit—sat—sat                      find—found—foundhold—held—held                shine—shone—shone win—won—won                hang—hung—hunglose—lost—lost make—made—made            leave—left—left stand—stood—stood           have(has)—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood3、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。

come—came—come   become—became—become    run—ran—run4、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同1)be—was\were—been          do—did—done    fly—flew—flown                 go—went—gone   lie—lay—lain                      show—showed—shown   wear—wore—worn             blow—blew—blown   draw—drew—drawn       grow— grew—grown know—knew—known     throw—threw—thrown(show除外)(2)drive—drove—driven         write—wrote—written   ride— rode—ridden              rise—rose—risen  arise—arose—arisen break—broke—broken          choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen          speak—spoke—spoken  wake—woke—woken(4) forget—forgot—forgotten(5)eat—ate—eaten              fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given            see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden(hid)(6)take—took—taken    mistake—mistook—mistaken(7)i—a—u变化。

begin—began—begun   drink—drank—drunk   sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung      swim—swam—swum   sink— sank—sunk5、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词can—could   may—might   will—would   shall—should。

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