新概念英语第二册第53课:Hot snakeLesson 53 Hot snake触电的蛇First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题What caused the fire?At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.参考译文消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火。
从那时起，他们一直试图找出起火的原因森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起昨天，消 防队员仔细查看了地面，但未能发现碎玻璃他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的然而今天上午，一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因他发现了缠绕在 16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇就这样，他解开了起火之谜解释很简单，却异乎寻常一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来，然后把它扔到了电线上于是蛇就缠住了 几根电线当它这样做时，把火花送到了地面，这些火花立刻引起了一场大火New words and Expressions生词和短语hotadj. 带电的，充电的firemann. 消防队员causev. 引起； n. 原因examinev. 检查accidentallyadv. 意外地，偶然地remainsn. 尸体，残骸wiren. 电线voltn. 伏特（电压单位）power line电力线solvev. 解决mysteryn. 谜snatchv. 抓住sparkn. 电火花Lesson 53 自学导读First things first课文详注 Further notes on the text1．At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火。
1）at last（终于，到底）表示经过一番努力之后2）put out可以表示“扑灭”、“熄灭”、“关掉”等含义：Please put the light/ fire out.请把灯关掉／把火灭掉3）forest虽然是名词，但在句中起形容词的作用，修饰fire2． they have been trying to find out how the fire began． 他们一直试图找出起火的原因1）短语动词find out表示经过研究、努力等“发现”、“找出”、“查出”：I ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.我将设法查出昨天救我命的那个人的姓名2）how the fire began是find out的宾语，它是一个由疑问词how引导的名词从句3．They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的1）start作及物动词时可以表示“使 发生”、“引起”2）be sure后面跟的是名词从句。
that引导的这个名词从句也可以写成that the fire was not started by a cigarette end但这里强调的是引起火灾的原因（不是碎玻璃或烟头），所以用烟头作主语4． a fireman accidentally discovered the cause． 一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因discover本身含有偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）的含义：I don t know who discovered America.我不知道谁发现美洲的在discover前面加上accidentally更加强了“偶然”、“意外”的含义5．He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.他发现了缠绕在16，000伏高压线上的一条死蛇1）the remains表示“尸体”、“残骸”，必须用复数形式：The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake.村民们惊讶地发现湖边有一架飞机的残骸。
2）wound为wind的过去分词wind在这里不表示“蜿蜒”，而表示“卷在 上”、“缠绕”，常与around／round连用：Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?是你把这根铁丝缠在树上的吗？（3）wire指具体的电线、铁丝等，line在这里指“线路”，含义比wire广6．When it did so 当它这样做时 so常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作／某件事，以免重复：Has Susan got into university?苏珊上大学了吗?I believe/think so.我想是的语法 Grammar in use一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时（cf．第29课与第52课语法）一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用，现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时不需要时间状语，而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段 时间的状语连用，有时与all+表示时间的名词连用现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词（表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词）也可以用行 为动词，现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用：When did you visit Old Delhi?你什么时候去旧德里游览的?I visited it two years ago.两年前我去过。
一般过去时，有确切的时间状语)Have you ever visited Old Delhi?你去旧德里游览过吗?Yes,I ve visited it twice.是我，我去过两次没有确切的时间状语)Yes,I visited it two years ago.是的，两年前我去过Yes,I once visited it for two weeks.是的，有一次我在那里观光了两星期once与一般过去时连用)词汇学习 Word study1．throwthrow作及物动词主要含义为“投”、“掷”、“抛”、“扔”当它与不同的介词或副词连用时，其意义会稍有变化throw away表示“扔掉”、“丢弃”；throw at表示对准某一目标扔；throw to则表示扔给（某人）：Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.许多人随手乱扔香烟头Shall I throw this old newspaper away?我把这旧报纸扔掉好吗？Don t throw stones at the dog/ the window.别对着狗／窗子扔石头I threw the ball to John but Tom caught it.我把球扔给约翰，但汤姆接住了球。
2．cause与reason（1）cause作名词时最重要的含义是“原因”、“起因”：A fireman accidentally discovered the cause of the fire.一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因Do you know the cause of the war?你知道这场战争的起因吗？（cause通常与of连用）cause作动词时可以表示“使 产生／发生”、“引起”：Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or cigarette ends.森林火灾时常由碎玻璃或香烟头引起What caused the accident?事故是如何造成的？（2）reason作名词时最重要的含义是“理由”、“原因”：Give me your reasons for going there.请告诉我你去那里的理由What was the reason for the delay?延迟的原因是什么？作“原因”讲时，reason与cause可以互相交换使用，但reason与介词for连用，而cause则与介词of连用：What was the cause of the delay?（译文同上）reason后面通常跟why引导的从句：That was the reason why the meeting was put off.这就是会议推迟的原因。
reason作动词时表示“推理”、“劝导”、“说服”等：How can you reason with him when he is so worried?他现在如此担心，你怎么能劝得了他？3．drop与falldrop既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，表示“（使）掉下”、“（使）落下”、“放下”：As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it.当他走过那棵树时，一个苹果从树上掉了下来The waiter dropped a fork.那侍者掉了一把叉子He dropped the bag on the 。