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安徒生童话中对生命意义和价值的探索

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安徒生童话中对生命意义和价值的探索 瞿菁内容摘要:安徒生是一位用儿童纯真的话语来探索生命意义和价值的伟大的作家他的故事在魔幻与现实中穿越,带着自传式的人生经历,不仅是给儿童构思的,更是在描写成年人的世界他的故事带有浓厚的宗教色彩,表明作者寄托于宗教救赎的信仰他的故事结局大都是悲剧式的死亡,更加激发读者去反思,一个个平凡和卑微的生命应该如何在残酷的现实中,去追求真善美,实现生命的意义和价值关键词:安徒生 宗教 生命意义在文学童话发展史上,汉斯克里斯蒂安安徒生(Hans Christian Andersen,1805-1875)的童话创作具有承上启下的重要意义十七世纪贝洛的《鹅妈妈故事集》首次以艺术家的个体书写方式记录和改编民间故事,从而产生了文学童话这一新的体裁,到十八、十九世纪浪漫主义时期,文学童话得到进一步发展(李红叶,154-166)安徒生就是一位明確表示为儿童创作童话的作家之一,用他的话说,他用童话“赢得下一代的喜欢”安徒生的语言是儿童的,但是,他折射出来的主题却更是为成人而准备的(潘一禾,06)他的作品剖析了人性的善恶,宣扬了宗教救赎的力量,歌颂了爱的奉献与牺牲,他最用唯美、质朴、纯真的语言,表达出对真善美的追求, 对社会光明和平等的渴望,以及对灵魂永生的期盼。

他的居多作品都是以悲剧的死亡作为结局借以死亡表达人与自然、与社会、与内心的矛盾冲突,从而达到震撼作者,反思生命的意义和价值的目的(钱中丽,99-102)一.文学赋予诗人生命永恒的价值安徒生出身卑微贫穷、热爱文学,一直想通过自己的诗歌能够跻身上流社会尽管他依然被上流社会不接纳,但是诗人笃信可以通过他创造的文学作品,得到社会的认可,实现生命的价值 (王宁,142-144)安徒生在他的诗歌《荷马墓前的玫瑰》中,安徒生写到:“Not far from Smyrna, where the merchant drives his loaded camels, proundly raising their long necks as they journey beneath the lofty pines over holy ground, i saw a hedge of rose”. “here lies the greatest singer in the world, over his tomb will i spread my fragrance, and on it i will let my leaves fall when the storm scatter them”;“He who sung of Troy became earth, and form the earth i have sprung. I, a rose from the grave of Homer, am too lofty to bloom for a nightingale.Then nightingale sung himself to death.” 这里的意象Symyrna, 指的就是今天的土耳其之地,遥远的东方圣地,也是宗教圣地。

商队带着骆驼行走的这片圣地上,长着一排玫瑰这个地方埋葬着最伟大的歌者,指的就是古希腊最伟大的诗人之一荷马Troy指的是特洛伊,也是荷马所写的史诗中的故事玫瑰聆听着史诗,她何其幸运此时夜莺在动情地歌唱但是玫瑰并不为之所动玫瑰高贵地不屑对夜莺而绽放花容夜莺悲痛而死A camel-driver came by, with his loaded camels and his black slave; his little son found the dead bird, and buried the lovely singer in the grave of the great Homer, while the rose termbled in the wind.” 骆驼商队,黑奴,这里的意象就是中东的阿拉伯人,他们是最早贩卖黑奴的,这里在此映射出作者把诗歌的背景设立在耶稣基督诞生地可爱的歌者,指的就是夜莺,能够很幸运地被埋在荷马的墓地玫瑰心中不免悸动一位来自北方的诗人,采撷了这对玫瑰,带回了北方的祖国他说:“这是一朵来自荷马墓前的玫瑰”相对于耶稣基督所在的中东,安徒生就是北方人他何尝不是一位视文学为生命的诗人,渴望能和荷马一样,留给后世不朽的文字。

娇艳又高贵的玫瑰是他虔诚的文学理想安徒生说,“我爱墓地的宁静,也爱思想的永恒”(汤锐,15)安徒生带着朝圣者的心灵,也许他肉体的生命是脆弱的,但是他笃信诗人的生命价值,存在于不朽的诗行之中二.点滴和平凡构成生命的意义安徒生因为自身出身卑微,一直想跨越阶级的障碍去获得名望与地位他曾说,“只有俯瞰我的灵魂,才能真正了解我的渴望湖水澄澈,深不见底;幽深之处,无人知晓水尤如此,人何以堪?” (柯云路,92)尽管现实总是让他一次次受到打击,他还是想实现宏大抱负,一心只想往前奔跑Far down in the forest, where the warm sun and the fresh air make a sweet place, grows a pretty little fir-tree, and yet it is not happy, it wishes so much to be tall like its companions—the pines and firs which grews around it.” Forest 指的是遥远的南方森林,那里阳光温暖,空气清新甜美,可是小枞树居然不开心。

它知道自己个头矮小,但是却总是向往着像旁边的松树和其他参天大树一样,去被发现,被挖掘出价值,能够出人头地However, the fir tree never notices the beauty of his surroundings because he is always longing for the future. It took no pleasure in the warm sunshine, the birds, and the rosy clouds that sailed overhead at sunrise and sunset, meant nothing to it”; “The fir tree longs to become a mast and go to sea but he never grows tall enough to be sued for that purpose.” 森林中的阳光,鸟儿,瑰丽的云朵,日出日落,他都无动于衷小枞树一心想变老,他想被砍掉,做成桅杆中国的庄子哲学总曾说,“此物以不材而终其千年”可是,小枞树却不这么认为,虽然矮小,但是一心想变成海上的桅杆,乘风破浪。

The following year, the fir tree is cut down to be used as a Christmas tree himself. While he is being cut down, he suddenly realizes that he will never see the forest, the other trees or the birds again. On Christimas Eve, he is taken inside a house and covered with toys and edible decorations” ; “The fir tree imagined that he will be decoreated again the following night. Instead he is placed in an attic. Nobody bothers to remove on top of the tree. The fir tree eventually befriends some mice who love listening to his stories about his time in the forest.”第二年,他很“幸运”地被砍伐下来,变成了一棵圣诞树,能够在圣诞之夜被主人装饰上玩具和各种彩灯,有各种礼物摆放在脚下。

可是,第二年的圣诞,他就再也无人问津了The fir tree finally realized how beautiful the forest was and that he should have been happy there. He also looks back fondly on Chiristams eve.”他终于意识到了曾经的森林是多么美好的家园可是,美好却再也回不去了then a young man came and chopped the tree into small pieces. The pieces were placed in a fire, and they quickly balzed up brightly, while the tree sighed so deeply that each sigh was like a pistol-shot. Pop, which was a deep sigh, the tree was thinking of a summer day in the forest, and of that distant Christmas evening.” 小枞树最终被主人当做是一颗丑丑的,无用的木头,砍成柴火烧掉了。

那噼噼啪啪的在火中燃烧的声音,是一种生命终结的凄婉的绝唱在生命的尽头,小枞树不禁回忆在森林中的快乐,还有那个遥远的圣诞夜中的荣光小枞树永远活在渴望未来中,不舍得驻足一点点来欣赏此时此刻的美好小枞树有渴望,有回忆,唯独没有自己小枞树的死亡给我们一个反思,生命的意义究竟何在?当我们过于追求于名望和成就的时候,却失去了感受身边的美好安徒生总是把诗情画意的自然,高远的理想和残酷的现实,杂糅在一起,让我们不免感叹在短暂而卑微的个体生命和残酷的现实世界中,个体应该正确地认识自己,接受自己的角色,握住现在的、身边的点滴幸福与快乐三.牺牲与博爱成就灵魂的永生安徒生在《小美人鱼》中,给我们展示了一个天使般的小美人鱼,用生命的代价成就他人的故事 (柯云路, 30)It is very deep, so deep, indeed, that no cable could fathom it: many church steeples, pile one upon another, would not reach from the ground beneath to the surface of the water above.” 幽深的大海深處,教堂的尖顶构成了浓厚的宗教色彩。

这种高耸的教堂尖顶,也是安徒生渲染的宗教的救赎力量nothing gave her so much pleasure as to hear about the world above the sea. She made her old grandmother tell her all she knew of the ships and of the towns, the people and the animals. To her it seemed most wonderful and beautiful ;to hear that the flowers of the land should have fragra。

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