101077-大学英语-英语修辞(二) 1. Irony 反语 Its intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used My last writing teacher was generous in helping me fossilize poor wirting habits.我最后一位写作老师很慷慨地帮助我养成了坏的写作习惯 2. Antithesis 对偶 It’s the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis. Achievement is founded on diligence and wasted upon recklessness.业精于勤，荒于嬉。
3. Paradox:悖论,似非而是 Paradox is a Greek word meaning incredible, contradicting with expectation. It’s a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the surface of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. In brief, it is the use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth. It is also used to describe situations that are ironic. Examples: 1)In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.The last is much the worst, the last is a real tragedy! --Oscar Wilde在这个世界上只有两种悲剧。
一种是得不到自己想要的，另一种是得到了自己想要的后一种才是最糟不过的；那才是真正的悲剧 2)He makes no friends who never made a foe.从来没有敌人的人也不会有朋友 3)There is this quality, in things, of the right way seeming wrong at first.事物有这样的规律：正道的开始似乎是歧途 4)In fact, it appears that the teachers of English teach English so poorly largely because they teach grammar so well. 5)Translations are like women—when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful. 翻译就像女人一样，她们忠诚的时候就不美丽，而美丽的时候却不忠诚 6)Humans, having conquered nature, will remain enslaved to nature. 征服了自然的人类仍将会成为自然的奴隶。
7)No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息 8)Everyone’s business is nobody’s business.三个和尚没水喝 9)More haste, less speed.欲速则不达 4. Pun: It is the use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect. a.谐音双关（同音异义双关） 1) Seven days without water makes one weak. 2) On Sundays they pray for you and on Mondays they prey on you.星期日他们为你祈祷，星期一他们对你掠夺。
3) --What flower does everyone have? --Tulips.(= two lips) b. 语义双关（同词异义双关） 1) --What’s the longest sentence in the world? --Prison for life. 2) Women have a wonderful sense of right and wrong, but little sense of right and left. 3) The Unique Spirit of Canada.别具风味的加拿大酒，独特的加拿大精神加拿大酒广告） 4) Ask for MORE.再来一支，还吸摩尔（美国摩尔牌香烟广告） c. 语意歧解双关： 1. Irony 反语 Its intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used My last writing teacher was generous in helping me fossilize poor wirting habits.我最后一位写作老师很慷慨地帮助我养成了坏的写作习惯。
2. Antithesis 对偶 It’s the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve force and emphasis. Achievement is founded on diligence and wasted upon recklessness.业精于勤，荒于嬉 3. Paradox:悖论,似非而是 Paradox is a Greek word meaning incredible, contradicting with expectation. It’s a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the surface of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. In brief, it is the use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth. It is also used to describe situations that are ironic. Examples: 1)In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.The last is much the worst, the last is a real tragedy! --Oscar Wilde在这个世界上只有两种悲剧。
一种是得不到自己想要的，另一种是得到了自己想要的后一种才是最糟不过的；那才是真正的悲剧 2)He makes no friends who never made a foe.从来没有敌人的人也不会有朋友 3)There is this quality, in things, of the right way seeming wrong at first.事物有这样的规律：正道的开始似乎是歧途 4)In fact, it appears that the teachers of English teach English so poorly largely because they teach grammar so well. 5)Translations are like women—when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful. 翻译就像女人一样，她们忠诚的时候就不美丽，而美丽的时候却不忠诚 6)Humans, having conquered nature, will remain enslaved to nature. 征服了自然的人类仍将会成为自然的奴隶。
7)No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息 8)Everyone’s business is nobody’s business.三个和尚没水喝 9)More haste, less speed.欲速则不达 4. Pun: It is the use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous ef。