第10讲 完形填空目录 新知导航：熟悉题型，心中有数 技巧精讲：典型例题，掌握技巧 小试牛刀：考点剖析，过关检测 培优精练：好题新题，培优提升一、完形填空的理论基础及试题说明 “完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型，它结合了单项选择和短文填空的优点，既考查词汇搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力二、命题特点及选材特点完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，以理解能力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础，是一种较高层次的阅读理解题所选题材多样，但都贴近学生的生活实际，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；体裁多以记叙文为主，也有说明文、议论文等三、考点分析完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：1）语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词：连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词语法型） 2）具有语法变化的词，如动词的时态、语态、语气；名词的数；代词的格；形容词和副词的比较等级等语法型） 3）固定搭配短语和词组中的特定词习惯搭配型） 4）同义词和近义词等易混词。
词义型） 5）根据上下文的意思及结构必须填入的确定词文意型）6）根据生活常识及一般逻辑需要填入的词生活常识型）完形填空解题技巧一、前后照应 利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完形填空解题时最常用的方法之一在做四选一的完形填空题时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示试看以下例题：[例1] What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live______ , and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep.A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city【解析】B 本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通但通过下文my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep提示我们可以知道作者生活在农场，正确答案选B。
[例2]I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to _______ ,wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table.A. leave the bed B.lie in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up【解析】C 本段讲每天早上妈妈做的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床根据题干，A、C、D均和床有关联，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情因此选C二、情感态度较难题，其中形容词，副词可分为三种情感：(1) 正情感：happy amazing等(2) 零情感：fast slow surprising等(3) 负情感：sad failure等[例1] Later that day, I happened to pass Jeff in the dining room. I offered him a ________ “congratulations”and walked to my usual table. To my surprise, Jeff put his plate beside mine.A. polite B. loud C. warm D. cheerful【解析】A 形容词感情色彩+联系上下文。
由usual 可判断出作者的感情色彩是平淡的，故排除B. loud和D. cheerful选项，由第二个形容词surprise 来判断，作者与Jeff的关系不是非常亲密，所以排除C[例2] Among them, a weak boy with ugly teeth and thick glasses kept shaking. I had seen him around, and I knew he was always laughed at. He seemed unsure of himself, and was so pale that it __38__ us to look at him.38. A. worried B. surprised C. taught D. hurt【解析】D 由上文的描述可知，他的脸色是如此苍白，以至于看着他会让人难受故选择形容词hurt三、牢记短语[例1]On the train, Tom was looking __l for his ticket because the conductor was coming __ 2 to his ticket.1. A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everywhere2.A. down B. up C. in D. on【解析】第一空格指Tom在火车上到处找车票，因此选D。
everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come up to sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B[例2 ] Whenever I’m __ 47__, I still look back at that yearbook.47. A. away B. out C. behind D. down【解析】本文讲述了一位叫Ricky的学生的前后变化：从经常被大家嘲笑，没有自信到充满自信并被大家喜欢此题为本文最后一题，想表明每当我遇到挫折时，总会想起那天的事情be down固定搭配，表示情绪低落的[例3] My next step was to which new activities students would like to have at our school. Many of them wanted a chess club and a volleyball team.43.A. carry out B. try out C. work out D. find out【解析】固定搭配和动词短语辨析： carry out 实施， try out 尝试， work out 解决 ，find out 找出事实，真相 ，结合下文的wanted a chess club and a volleyball team得出答案为D。
四、斟酌词义在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完形填空命题时常用的手段之一在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳选项，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选择 [例1]A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you _________what he means?A.think B. guess C. know D. understand【解析】C 本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗从四个选项看，A和B放入句中意思不通，而C和D两个答案很接近 D选项强调理解他的意思，从上文句子看当然很好理解这句话讲述了什么事但是其中的含义就不知道了因此选项C才是最合适的[例2] “Well, if you change your mind, we are meeting tomorrow ,”he said before moving to another table.All that night, I thought about the 39 from Jeff.A. advice B. chance C. message D. offer【解析】D advice指的是忠告，多指医生对病人，长辈对晚辈；message 多指口信，转述客观事实不带有主观色彩；chance 最大的干扰选项 因为下文出现了chance ，但是chance表示的一种可能性， offer 作为名词表示提议，联系上文可知D项为最佳答案。
五、中心主旨：文章中最后一句通常为积极的态度或观点[例1]I had wanted to become president of Student Council to make a difference. I achieved that and more by working as a member of Jeff’s team. He became the most popular candidate and I was a large part of his______ . The fact that it has made a difference in other people’s lives is the real prize. What a great feeling!A. luck B. spirit C. life D. success【解析】 D 本文讲到在参加学生会主席竞选初选落选后，“我”受邀参加了曾经是对手的Jeff的竞选团队，并在其中发挥了很大的作用，帮助Jeff竞选成功，也得到了启发：不管是在什么位置上，只要自己发挥了作用，这就是真正的奖励，并会给自己带来美好的感受。
本题说我也是他成功中的一部分，所以选择success[例2] I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my ____ couldn’t. So every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, I’ve sent her a Father’s Day card.A. Teachers B. mother C. father D. friends【解析】本文讲述，“我”出生没多久父亲就去世了，是姨妈Mrion一直充当着父亲的角色，带“我”成长，所以在过去的40年里，“我”每年的6月都要送父亲节贺卡给她，以表达“我”不断加深的感激之情故本题选C。