语法专项复习------ Object Clause宾语宾语从句从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语I like my teacher.（名词作宾语)I know him .（代词作宾语）I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语）包含宾语从句的句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句 二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序 （一）连接词1.that2.whether/if3.连接代词who whom whose what which4. 连接副词when why where how 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g. 1.I hear (that) _______________________. （（一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）2.He said (that) ______________________. （（他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us (that) ___________________________. 4. （（地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时句一律用一般现在时 由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. Ask him _____________________. （（他是否能来）他是否能来）2. I don’t know ___________________________.（（是否要下雨是否要下雨）） whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if. If 与whether 的区别1.I don’t know _____ he will come or not.2.I don’t care of ______ he is handsome.3.He wondered ______ to stay here the next week.4.____ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether 由连接代词由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接及连接副词副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句when we’ll have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is latewho could answer the question1. He asked __________________________. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题））2. Do you know_________________________. （（他们在等谁他们在等谁））3. Please tell me _______________________. （（我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会））4. Can you tell me _______________. （（他在哪儿他在哪儿））5. Could you tell me ______________________. （（我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站））6. Would you tell me _________________（（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了）） whom they are waiting for （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：陈述句结构（主即：陈述句结构（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）将下列句子换成陈述句语序 1.Is there a bank near here?2.Are they doing homework? •（三）时态(时态一致性）•1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从 句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_________时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.•Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?任任 何何 •2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）例如：•He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.•He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 过去过去 •3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 _______ 时态例如： The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.一般现在一般现在 三 、宾语从句与简单句的转换（一）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
eg: (1)I hope that I can receive your e-mail. → I hopeto receive your e-mail_______________________. (二）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构 eg: (2) She doesn’t know what she should do next. →She doesn’t know________________.(三）当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构 eg: (3) Will you please show me how I can work it out? →Will you please show me ___________________.(四）当直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，用ask/tell/orderSb. (not) to do sth 结构。
eg: (4)A: Please be quiet. B: What did Bill say? A: He asked us to be quiet.what to do nexthow to work it out 四、否定转移 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think， believe, guess, suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式 eg: (5)I don’t think he will come with you. 注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，要特别小心 eg: (6) I don’t believe he has finished the work, ________? (7) He knew why Jim wasn’t at school , ___________? 解析：例6，当主句的主语为第一人称时，附加问句的主语由宾 语从句的主语充当。
例7，如果主句的主语非第一人称时，则附加问句的主语 由主句的主语充当has hedidn’t he １．Do you know __________________?A. where does she live B. she lives whereC. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted to know what he ______at that time. A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will doCB巩固练习：巩固练习：I．从下列．从下列A、、B、、C、、D中选择一个正确选项填空中选择一个正确选项填空 4．Lily’s mother looked for her for half an hour, but could not find ________?A.what Lily was B. what was LilyB.C. where Lily was D. where was LilyC. C3.—We don’t know ______. -- It is said that he was born in Canada.A.what he is B. when he was born B.C. where he comes from D. if he lives hereC. C 5 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 6 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled AC •7. Could you please tell me ________ he will come here tomorrow?• A. if B. weather C. what D. which• A8. Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave BeijingB. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing C II.改错：1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.__________________________________________Miss Zhang asked me why I was late for school.2.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.__________________________________________Father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.He doesn’t know that when she can come back.__________________________________________He doesn’t know when she can come back. 1.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)3.Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening. 4.I hear he __________ (return) it already. 5.He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6.He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)7.The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)8.I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)9.I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing 10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _________ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid 从句时态从句时态连接前连接前连接后连接后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时主句时态主句时态 将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 宾 语 从 句 小 结一.结构1. 当陈述句作宾语从句时, 结构:主句+that + 主语 +谓语部分2. 当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+ if(whether) +主语 +谓语部分3.当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构:主句+特殊疑问词+主语 +谓语部分二．主从时态关系 主句 从句１．一般现在时 ２． 一般过去时 3.(特殊):任何时态 (客观、自然现象)三.语序：陈述语序时态不变时态不变时态相应变化时态相应变化 一般现在时一般现在时 从句时态从句时态连接前连接前连接后连接后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时 。