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名词的复数形式

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名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -可 数 名 词 的 复 数 变 化可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式, 名词由单数变成复数的变化分为规章变化和不规章变化两个大类;1. 名词复数的规章变化:⑴绝大多数名词直接在词尾加 s 变成复数,如: cup— cups, bathroom-bathrooms⑵以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词变复数要加 es,如:class (班级) —classes, box(盒子) —boxes, match(火柴)— matches, brush (刷子)— brushes⑶以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,去 f 或 fe 再加 ves;f 、fe 结尾的顺口溜:妻子 持刀去宰狼,小偷 吓得发了慌 ; 躲在架后保己命,半片树叶 遮月光;按:顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以— f〔e〕 结尾的名词: wife 〔 妻子〕 ,knife 〔 小刀〕 , wolf 〔 狼〕 , thief 〔 小偷〕 ,shelf 〔 架子〕 ,self 〔 自己〕 , life 〔 生命〕 , half 〔 一半〕 ,leaf 〔 树叶〕 ;这九个词变复数时,都是改 -f〔e〕 为 ve 再加-s ;留意 : 以 f 结尾的名词, 一般把把 f 改为 ves,但也有特别情形是直接加 -s 的,如 gulf (海湾), roof (屋顶) , chief (首领) , serf (农仆) , belief (信仰) , proof (证据) , handkerchief(手帕);编成口诀联想:海湾 边、屋顶 上,首领农仆 相望;谁说他们无 信仰,证据 定在手帕上;⑷以 y 结尾的名词变复数时视以下两种情形而变:① 元音 +y:直接 +s , 如: boy—boys, toy —toys, day--days② 辅音+y:变 y 为 i ,再+es ,如: study〔 书房〕 — studies, city〔 城市〕 —cities, party (晚会) -parties⑸以 o 结尾的名词变复数时视以下三种情形而变:O结尾的名词顺口溜1)有生命的以 o 结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加 es,凡无生命的以 o 结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s;有生命: potato (土豆) -potatoes, tomato (西红杮) -tomatoes, hero (英雄) -heroes, Negro(黑人) --Negroes如无生命 : zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo(竹竿)--bamboos, tobacco (烟丝) --tobaccos 2)两人两菜一水果;(+es)学校- 中学课本中以 o 结尾的名词构成复数时, 加 es 的只有 Negro(黑人),hero (英雄),potato(土豆),tomato (西红杮), mango(芒果)这就是“两人两菜一水果” ;3)其余以 o 结尾的名词变复数时均加 s;图景:你在“ zoo”里,观察一要“ bamboo”,上面挂着一张“ photo ”,所照的是一架“ piano ”,上面放着一台“ radio ”;zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.2. 名词复数的不规章变化:1 第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -⑴把 oo 变成 ee,如: foot (脚)— feet, tooth (牙齿)— teeth, goose〔 鹅〕--geese⑵把词尾 man变成 men,如:woman妇〔 女〕 —women,policeman (警察) -policemen, fisherman (渔民)— fishermen, Frenchman(法国男人)— Frenchmen, Englishman (英国男人)— Englishmen,留意:German(德国人)— Germans, human—humans, walkman— walkmans表示民族的名词顺口溜(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一样;(2)“英、法”联盟 a 变 e;(3)其他一律加 s 即 Chinese ,Japanese 单复数同形; Englishman ,Frenchman 的复数为 Englishmen ,Frenchmen;其他像 German, American,Australian 等的复数形式是在后面加“ s”;⑶在词尾加 en 或 ren 变成复数,如: ox—oxen, child —children,⑷单复数同形,如: sheep—sheep, deer —deer, Chinese —Chinese, Japanese —Japanese means-means〔方法,手段 〕留意 : fish 的复数有两种:①同种鱼,只表示鱼的数量多,不加 es:There are nearly 500 fish in the pond.② 强调有不同种类的鱼时要加 es: There are all kinds of fishes in the pond.⑸其它一些常见名词的不规章变化: mous(e 老鼠)—mice洲〕 ,datum—data (数据); medium-media〔媒体〕<一>、写出以下名词的复数形式 1、orange 2 、class;basis—bases(基础);oasis — oases〔 绿3、text 4、monkeypiano 6、child5、7、shelf 8 、bedcountry 10、familytoy 12 、footJapanese 14、radiophoto 16、army9、11、13、15、17、tomato 18 、foxwoman 20、knifesheep<二>、挑选填空19、22、1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. This kind of car madein Shanghai.A. is B .are C .were D .has2 第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. That ’s art book.A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already (已经) .A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece ofbread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of appleC. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10. They come from different A. country B.countries C. a country D. countrys11. Howmany do you see in the picture.A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato12. They are .A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher13. Would you like ,please.A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waterC. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters14. Most of live in .A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany15. There are some in these .A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes16. like by air.A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel3 第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品word资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -D. The Greens, travelingA. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples三) . 填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two 〔knife〕2. There are many here. 〔box〕3. There are many on the road. 〔bus〕4. A few are drawing on the wall. 〔boy〕5. The are playing football now. 〔child〕4 第 4 页,共 4 页 - 。

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