Unit 3Celebrations Section Grammar 走近新课一起感知 语法探究一起思考 随 堂 练 习 走近新课一起感知 语语法感知 写出句中画线部分被动语态的构成形式 1.Lost time is never found again. 2.The lost boy was sent home by the police. 3.The road is being repaired now. 一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词 一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词 现在进行时am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词 4.The problem has been solved already. 5.She found she was being followed by a stranger. 现在完成时have/has+been+动词的过去分词 过去进行时was/were+being+动词的过去分词 语法探究一起思考 知识识脉 络络 语语法精 讲讲 知识识脉络络 语语法精讲讲 被动语态 动词的语态主要分为两种:主动语态与被动语态主动语态 指主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,两者为主动关系; 被动语态指主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者,两者为 被动关系。
I have done the job.(主动句) The job has been done by me.(被动句) 1.被动语态根据时态的不同,可分为以下几种常用类型: 一般现在时 am/is/are+done 一般过去时 was/were+done 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done 过去进行时 was/were+being done 现在完成时 have/has+been done 过去完成时 had+been done 一般将来时 shall/will+be done 过去将来时 would/should+be done 2.被动语态的特殊情况 (1)双宾语的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时,既可把指人的间接 宾语变为被动语态的主语;也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语, 但此时必须在间接宾语前面加上介词to或for He gave me a pen. I was given a pen by him. A pen was given to me by him. She drew them a picture yesterday. They were drawn a picture yesterday. A picture was drawn for them yesterday. 注意 give,pass,lend,show,tell 等动词后的介词用to。
draw,buy,keep等动词后的介词用for (2)复合宾语的被动语态 若主动语态的句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”则变 为“宾语做主语,宾语补足语变主语补足语” I asked him to help me with my English. He was asked to help me with my English. 注意 感官动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不 带to,但变被动句时to必须还原 The boss made her work for 16 hours a day. She was made to work for 16 hours a day by the boss. 类似的词有:ask,tell,invent,expect,warn,advise,make,let, hear,see,watch,feel,notice 但类似see sb doing sth 的句子时则这样变: I heard him reading in the room. He was heard reading in the room by me. (3)短语动词的被动语态 有些短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有被动语态。
但要注 意,短语动词是一个不可分割的词组,在变为被动语态时,不可 丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词 The teachers take good care of the children. The children are taken good care of (by the teachers). They have sent for the doctor. The doctor has been sent for. (4)含有情动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 We must plant trees. Trees must be planted. (5)不能用被动语态的七种情况 不及物动词及部分短语动词(take place;happen;break out;belong to)没有被动语态 The story happened in 1999. A fire broke out in his house. The dictionary belongs to me. The meeting will take place next Monday. =The meeting will be held next Monday. 表状态的动词(cost;last;take;have;sell;fit;become等)不能 用于被动语态。
The pen costs five yuan. Cold weather lasts long. This kind of dictionary sells well. 当宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时 We had a swim in the river yesterday. The teacher walked into the classroom. 当宾语为动词不定式或动词-ing时 I want to write a letter. She finished reading the book. 当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时 You should take care of yourself. They often help each other. 当宾语起状语作用时,表示数量、长度、大小、程度、地 点或方位等时 The coat cost 100 yuan.(表数量) I paid ten yuan for the dictionary.(表价格) 当系动词做谓语时如:look,seem,sound,smell,taste, feel,get,turn,become,keep,is,fall等) He looks worried. The flowers smell good. 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 The first railway in the world (design) in the last century. So far,a great deal of money (raise) for charity. The project (complete) next year. The road (repair) now. was designed has been raised will be completed is being repaired 随 堂 练 习 一、把下列句子改为被动语态 1.Many tourists visit our county each year. Our county by many tourists each year. 答案:is visited 2.My parents are preparing dishes for the coming guests. Dishes for the coming guests by my parents. 答案:are being prepared 3.She made her brother cry. Her brother . 答案:was made to cry 4.I have read many books recently. Many books recently. 答案:have been read 5.My sister gave me a gift. A gift by my sister. 答案:was given to me 二、单句语法填空 1.To her joy,she (choose) from hundreds of students to attend the opening ceremony. 答案:was chosen 2. is reported that they are discussing the plan now. 答案:It 3.Be patient!tai chi (call) “shadow boxing” in English. 答案:is called 4.The cake he made (taste) nice. 答案:tastes 5.Keep the door off.It (paint) just now. 答案:has been painted 十年寒窗磨利剑，十年寒窗磨利剑， 一朝折桂展宏图！一朝折桂展宏图！ 。