英语单项知识的讲解与练习（75）371. commit 的用法commit (v)委托、犯罪、干坏事； commitment (n)委托事项、许诺、承担义务；例句：①They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行②He committed suicide rather than sell out to the enemy.他宁愿自杀而没有向敌人投降③He didn't commit himself to anything.他没有作任何承诺④The girl was committed to the care of an aunt.这女孩被交给姨母照顾短语： commit a mistake/ an error 犯错误； commit a prisoner for trial 把犯人交付审判； commit sb to do/ to doing sth 责成某人做某事； commit oneself to the cause of revolution 献身于革命事业； commit sth to memory 把某事记住； commit oneself on sth 公开表明自己的意见； commit a crime 犯罪 ； commit a suicide 自杀 ； commit unconsciously 无意识地犯罪 ； commit oneself to a promise 使自己坚守诺言 ； commit sb to the care of 把 …托给 …照顾 ； commit sb to prison 关进监狱 ；用法：① commit 的宾语后接介词 to，表示 “交付、托付、投入 ”。
如： I commit my son to you. 后接反身代词，表示 “明确采取 ”一种态度或路线，常有 “一经确定不能走回头路 ”的意思如： He refused to commit himself to a plain “yes” or “no”.②commit oneself to doing something，解释为 “使自己不得免于 ”， to 后面接动名词 如： He committed himself to doing it immedaitely.③commit 的基本意思是 “做 ”“干 ”,多用于错误的事、坏事commit 是及物动词 ,作 “承诺 ”解时 ,后面接反身代词作宾语 ,表示“明确采取一种态度或路线 ”,常有 “一经确定便不走回头路 ”的意思后面接介词 to 或 on,也可以接不定式充当补足语的复合宾语④commit 也可表示为了特定的目的而 “把 …托付给 ”“把 …提交给 ”解这时其后须接介词 to, to 后可接名词 ,也可接动名词 ,常用于被动结构中⑤在口语中， commit 还常用来表示 “影响 ,约束 ”⑥ commit 作 “承诺 ”解时 ,在 commit 后可接 “to+动名词 ”,也可接动词不定式 ,前者更常用。
练习：①At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly ___ to another subject. A. committed B. switched C. favored D. transmitted②The insurance company paid him $ 10,000 in ____ after his accident. A.installment B.compensation C.substitution D.commitment③Without a proper education, people could _______ all kinds of crimes.A. conduct B.stoop C.commit D.sweat④As visiting scholars,they willingly ____ to the customs of the country they live in.A. submit B. conform C. subject D. commit⑤On Christmas Eve,there were so many customers that the shop assistants couldn’t _____them all.A.apply to B.appeal to C.attend to D.commit to372. absorb 的用法absorb 吸收、吸引、使专心。
短语： absorb energy from the sun 吸收太阳的能量；absorb attention of somebody 吸引某人的注意力 ；absorb whatever experience is useful to us 吸收对我们有用的一切经验；be/ get absorbed in 全神贯注、专心致志； absorb from 从… 吸收； absorb into 把…吞〔并〕入…； be absorbed by the problem 全神贯注于这个问题上； be absorbed in study 埋头学习； be absorbed in thoughts 陷于沉思； be absorbed in (reading) a book 专心读书； be absorbed with the problem 全神贯注于这个问题上；用法：①absorb 的基本意思是“吸收”,可指吸收液体、气体、光、热、能等,也指吸收抽象的知识、文化、经验、教训、思想、方法等, 含有“以此丰富了吸收者”之意,并暗示“吸收”的渐进性和彻底性absorb作“吞并; 并入”解时指把一个较小的国家、团体或组织变成一个较大的国家、团体或组织的一部分,被吞并者失去了自己原有的个性或特征。
②absorb 作“吸收”解时主语可以是人,也可以是物 ,宾语则是无生命的事或物;作“ 吞并”解时主语和宾语都是国家、团体或组织;作“使全神贯注”解时主语是人、事或物,宾语是人或人的精力、兴趣等; 作“减轻…的作用”解时主要用于打击、碰撞等;作 “耗费,耗去”解时主要用于大量的金钱、时间等;作“承受; 承担,对付 ”解时主要用于变化、结果、费用等③absorb 作“吸收”“ 吞并”“ 使全神贯注” 解时常用于被动结构be absorbed 作“聚精会神地干某事”解时应接“in+动名词”, 不能接动词不定式练习：①When I came into her room, she was ___ in her book.A. absorbed B. controlled C. exposed D. devoted②She was so ___ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.A. absorbed B. attracted C. drawn D. concentrated③___ I entered, he was ___ in his book and didn’t notice me.A. When; devoted B. While; absorbed C. When; absorbed D. While; devoted④Because of the drought, the ground quickly ___ the little rain that fell last night.A. absorbed B. soaked C. digested D. drained ⑤The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room. A. absorbed B. abandoned C. focused D. centered⑥Dr.Smith was always ______ the poor and the sick, often providing them with free medical care.A. reminded of B. absorbed in C. tended by D. concerned about373. accept 的用法accept 承认、接受、答应。
短语：accept one’s words as true 相信某人的话；accept your reason for not going there 同意你不去那儿的理由； accept … as/ to be 把……当作、认为……是；accept what they told you 同意他们同你谈的看法；She couldn’t accept that her husband was dead 相信、赞同； accept for a fact 把…当作事实； accept in principle 原则上同意； accept of 接受；accept upon the following conditions 按下列条件接受； accept with an open mind 虚心接受； accept with hearty thanks 衷心感谢地接受；accept without question 毫无疑问地接受；用法：①accept 的基本意思是“接受”,如接受礼物、邀请、好意、批评、建议、接纳为成员等等引申可表示“承认; 同意; 认可; 相信”,如答应某些条件、相信某种解释、相信某事属实、认同某种理论、承担责任、容忍或忍受困境等等。
在商业用语中 accept 则表示“承兑; 接受(某种付款方式 )”②accept 具有明显的主观色彩, 不仅客观上“接”,而且更主要的是主观上的“受” accept 某人的劝说或者建议时表示你情愿地按照他们的劝说或建议去做; accept 令人不愉快的情形时表示你认识到这是不能改变的、必须接受的现实,即含不情愿和勉强之意③accept 主要用作及物动词, 其宾语可为名词、代词或动名词, 也可接动词不定式作“认可; 相信”等解时可接 that/wh-从句作“承认…是…”解时还常接以“as+ n./adj./v -ing”充当补足语的复合宾语,这时 as不可省略比较：accept 表示经过慎重考虑的接受；receive 收到（只表示客观上“收到某物”，不与表示一段时间的状语连用）、接到、接待、接见如：Yesterday he received a present, but he didn’t want to accept it. get 可与 receive 通用，但 get 的口语性较强，而且含有主动去取得的意思如：I got your letter yesterday. take 表示的“接受” 包含着别人赠给的意思。
如：The boy takes anything he is given.练习：①Although I have ___ an invitation to his wedding ceremony, I haven’t made up my mind whether to ___ it or not.A. received; accept B. accepted;。