Legal English 考试分数占70 上课回答问占10 Presentation 占 20 客观题填空主观题名词解释占 20 判断占 80 简答题选择翻译论述题第一章总体介绍重点 前五个关键词 法系英美法特点两个主义遵循先例三推一1.【legal family 】The doctrine of legal families seeks to establish common groups, identifying similar legal practices, activities and subject matter and thereby classifying the entirety of global legal transactions and activities into “families“ according to particular criteria. The traditional and almost exclusive focus on the continental European and Anglo-American systems. 法系的信条是争取建立共同的团体,识别相似的法律实践,活动和主题从而将整个全球法律事务和活动分为“家庭” 根据特定的标准。
传统的和几乎独有的法律都集中在欧洲大陆和英美系统2.【英美法的特点】USAUK Federal Law and State Law. The States retained legislative power. When state law is inconsistent with federal law, federal law shall apply. Common law Equity Statutory law Dual court system Federal court system and State court system House of Lord is the Supreme Court --- INDEPANDENCE Main characteristic ① In the way of thinking and mode of operation of law, the common law system is the use of inductive methods. 归纳法② in the legal form, the case law plays an important role.判例法很重要③ In the classification of the law, common law there is not strictly department law In the classification of the law, common law there is not strictly department law 普通法无严格分类④ In education law area, common law in the United States is mainly located in vocational education.职业教育⑤ In the legal profession, judges of the Federal Court of Justice are generally from lawyers. 从律师做到法官3.【两个主义】Common law 英美法系Civil law 大陆法系Legal proceeding 法律程序Party prosecution Adversary systemEx officio Doctrine Latin 职权主义4.【遵循先例原则】后文也有此处提到The Doctrine of Stare ; The doctrine of stare decisis; Stare Decisis ; the principle of stare decisis; the Precedent Principle. 5.【犯罪构成理论：三推一】The theory of constitution of crime in civil law system. 犯罪构成理论，强调严格以制定法为依据，将行为人和行为带入犯罪构成体系中进行衡量，得出是否构成犯罪的结论。
Criminal facts Illegality accountability Declare guilty 犯罪的事实基础对行为的法律评价对行为人的主观评价犯罪、违法有责6.【英美法系中的犯罪的宪法理论】Step I Jury 陪审团可以独立做出被告人有罪或无罪的裁断，只有做出有罪裁断时，法官才适用刑法Step2 discretion 自由裁量权法官通过习惯法否定制定法Step 3 right of appeal 上诉权国家从上诉内容和上诉人权上进行严格的限制，为了维护法官 的自由裁量权，上诉法院只对特别明显的错误进行改判7.【Dictation 听写】There are many different legal systems in the world. In fact, every ___legal system has its own characteristics. However, the degree of difference varies, with some systems bearing more ______to others. As a result, the world can __ ____ __ several legal families. Without doubt, the ___ __ __ __and __ __ ___Legal System are the most important legal families in the world. The former is also called the English Legal System or _ _____Legal System, while the latter is also called __ ___ __ ___or the __ __ __ ＿＿ or ＿＿Legal System. 是否应该引入陪审制度Whether China's jury system should be adopted ① 我认为引进陪审制度能够让公民投入法律实践中，陪审制度可以增进公民对于司法的了解。
I think the introduction of jury system can let citizens in legal practice, jury system can improve citizen for the judicial understanding. ② 我们都知道现在法官压力很大，陪审团的设立能够让判决透明化和公正化，陪审团有利于分担法官的压力We all know that the judge has a lot of pressure right now, the jury can make decision of judge transparent and justice, the jury contribute to share the pressure of the judge. ③ 陪审团制度能够避免司法腐败，保证司法的廉洁The jury system can avoid the judicial corruption, and ensure judicial integrity. 第二章英国发展史重点： 注重客观题判断题御前会议；末日审判书；贤人会议；骑士制度主观题巡回法院的目的；令状制度Writ ；衡平法出现的原因 Origin and Historical Development of Anglo-American Law The Origins and historical development of English Law The Origins of Common Law The Origins of Equity (equity law) （1）The Anglo-Saxons(5CD-1066) Custom God-judging / Consanguinity Revenge -----SALIKE leges barbarorum (barbarian) 野蛮法典Witan/ Witenagemote 贤人 一 The Shaping of common law普通法的形成（2）Norman conquest knight service 骑士制度feudal system established 封建制度的确立Domesday Book 末日审判书 （3）Centralization of Justice 司法的中央集权制Two steps ⋯1 审判机构：“御前会议”(Curia Regis) from witan “御前会议”成员:(国王 King + 官僚 clerks +直接受封者tenants-in-chief or barons) 必要时“御前扩大会议”： (大领主 lords +地方代表 /骑士knights + burgess (‘b??d??s])下议员 --〉议会 parliament ?itinerant justice/Justice in Eyre ：为处理占有诉讼和根据告发的重罪案件而派出巡回法官，巡回法院对普通法的影响？15 世纪初 -国王的审判就发展成为三大法院和一个委员会的司法体制。
由御前会议分为: 财政部法院/ 民事诉讼法院/ 王座法院----〉普通法法院普通法= 通行于全王国的法律(the law common to the realm) 由御前会议发展为国王咨议委员会 将普通习惯统一成普通法Unify common custom into common law *巡回法院—从中央下派往各地贯彻中央司法理念implement the Central Judicial idea亨利一世from 1100CD—1135 亨利二世–亨利三世from 1154-1272 御前会议分化为两种机关?御前法庭（ Court Coram Rege）?财政法庭（ Exchequer）两种机关继续分化御前法庭财政法庭御前法庭：国王主持/审判官员固定职责分为：王座法庭 (King’s Bench) （法院 1#）国王谘议 (委员 )会(King’s Council) （一个委员会）财政法庭：管辖权扩大分为：财政部法院(Court of Exchequer)（法院 2#）（高级） 普通民事诉讼法院(Bench or Court of Common Pleas)（法院 3#）2. 审判制度—令状制度writ A: The enforcement of a claim presupposed the existence of a special form of action, a writ, with the result that the original common law represented a system of ‘ action’ similar to that of classical Roman law. 某项诉讼请求的强制执行是以法院令状这种特殊诉讼形式的存在为前提的，而这就使最初的普通法表现为由类似于古罗马法的“诉讼行为”所构成的体系。
B: If a writ existed (in 1227) a claim could be enforced; 在 1227 年有法院令状,诉讼请求就要强制执行；C: there was no recourse for a claim withou。