资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！托福写作之论证逻辑-类比和对比论证 类比和比照两种论证方式有什么区分，在托福写作中又该如何正确用法t它们，下面一起来看看吧！ 托福写作之论证规律-类比和比照论证 类比和比照是英语写作中特别常见的两种段落进展的论证手段，一般涉及到两个或假设干个事物之间的比拟这两种方法有着很大的区分，类比(compare)重点强调两个事物的一样点，比方A和B的一样点是什么而比照(contrast)重点强调两个事物的不同点在托福写作中，常常会涉及到两件事情的比拟，找到这两件事情各自的优点和缺点是什么，然后去衡量取舍 一、段内类比可以用到的连接词 similarly, similar to, as, like, corresponding to, likewise, by the same token, the same is true of , in comparison, 等等 我们来看一个段内类比的范文1： Some of the funniest pieces of literature is actually very close to being tragic, and vice versa. By the same token, try to imagine the face of a clown: One half of his face laughs and the other half cries。
翻译：一些最滑稽的文学作品事实上很接近悲剧，反之亦然同样地，想象一下小丑的脸庞：一半脸会大笑，另一半脸会大哭这段文字类比的是：滑稽的文学作品的特点和小丑的脸的特征，都是悲喜交加 我们来看一个段内类比的范文2： Different pressures will distract people from their concentration. Employees who are exposed to the pressure from colleagues may hardly focus on their daily work. Similarly, students who have to cope with intense peer pressure may have a hard time concentrating on their academic subjects. 翻译：不同的压力会使人们无法专注于一件事情上员工面对来自同事的压力，会很难用心工作同样地，面对同龄同学的宏大压力，同学也很难用心学术学习这个段落比拟的是员工的压力和同学的压力都会导致他们无法专注一件事情。
二、段内比照可以用到的连接词 while, however, whereas, in contrast, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, conversely, In sharp contrast, unlike，nevertheless, in opposition to, otherwise, 等等 我们来看一个段内比照的范文1： Taking a wide range of courses offers students more options for their leisure time. Past generations worked longer hours and their relatively short life expectancy did not afford as many people the possibility of a long retirement. In contrast, today a large number of college graduates can expect to enjoy several decades of recreational activities after they stop working. The interests that they develop through exploring various academic fields can be very helpful in making their retirement more enjoyable. 翻译：上许多门课程为同学的空闲时间供应更多的选择。
过去的人们工作时间很长，而他们的寿命相对来说较短，所以退休后的空闲时间就较短相反，如今，很多大学毕业生在退休之后可以享受好几十年的空闲时间来消遣他们通过学习多门课程所培育的爱好对于他们退休之后来说很有意义这段文字比照的是：上许多门课程对于过去的同学和如今同学的影响不同比照来看，如今的同学学多门课程还是有许多好处的 我们来看一个段内比照的范文2： All of us have had – and will continue to have – difficult experiences and failures. It is up to us to learn from them. One person who loses a job may become depressed, then withdraw, and finally start to blame others for his/her problems. In sharp contrast, another person who does not make excuses for failures may try to identify his/her own weaknesses, choose to go back to school or go to a refresher course, switch to another career path that is better suited to his/her potential, or relocate to a more prosperous area. Even though these two people have had the same failure, they will end up getting vastly different results. 翻译：我们全部人都有困难的经受，都经受过失败，并且以后还将要经受失败。
我们要靠自己从中学习一些学问一个失去工作的人会变得很消沉，然后就退缩，并把责任归咎于别人形成明显比照的是，另一个人不去找任何借口，试着去找到自己的弱项，连续回到学校或去参与进修课程，并转到自己擅长或更有盼望的工作领域当中尽管这两个人都经受过失败，他们最终的结果却截然不同这个段落比照的是两个人对待失败的看法和做法不一样，结果也不一样 一般来说，托福独立写作当中的比拟级题目和今夕比照题都可以用类比或比照论证来绽开，当然也可以结合因果论证、举例论证等其他的论证方式 托福写作模板：好同事的特征是什么? We all work or will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people, in your opinion ,what are some important characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)?Use reasons and specific example to explain why these characteristics are important. We spend more time with our co-workers during a week than we do with our family, Thus, it’s important for our co-workers to be people we can get along with. I’ve worked in a lot of offices, and Ive found there are certain characteristics that all good co-workers have in common. A good co-worker is very cooperative, She does her best to get along with others. She tries to keep her end of things flowing smoothly to help others in the office. She realizes that if one person doesnt get her work done, it can hold up everyone else. She has a positive attitude that creates a pleasant working environment. A good co-worker is adaptable. She is not stubborn about changes in schedules or routines, and doesnt object to having her job description revised. That can make life miserable for everyone around her. A good co-worker is willing to change her schedule to accommodate another workers emergency, She has no problem with new procedures and welcomes changes when they come. A good co-worker is helpful. She pitches in when someone falls behind in his or her work. She’s willing to do whatever it takes to get the job done. She doesnt keep track of how often she has to finish anothers work or take on extra work. Some co-workers do their own job, period. They have no sense of office community. They only want to do their work, get paid and go home. A good co-worker is a sympathetic listener, and never uses what she learns against people. she doesn’t gossip. A bad co-worker uses negative rumors to take advantage of others. Being a good co-worker isnt too hard, but some people。