Unit 1Life Choices Section Grammar 走近新课一起感知 语法探究一起思考 随 堂 练 习 走近新课一起感知 语语法感知 写出画线部分在句中所做的成分 1.The important thing in life is to have a great aim,and the determination to attain it. 2.We came home to find our garden neat and tidy. 3.Each bird loves to hear itself sing. 表语;定语 状语 宾语 4.It is hard to please all. 5.To know everything is to know nothing. 6.Never offer to teach fish to swim. 主语 主语;表语 宾语;宾语补足语 语法探究一起思考 知识识脉 络络 语语法精 讲讲 知识识脉络络 语语法精讲讲 动词不定式和-ed/-ing形容词 一、动词不定式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化, 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可用作 主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等,但不能做 谓语。
其结构如下: 基本结构:to+动词原形(有时不定式符号to可以省略) 否定形式:not to+动词原形 1.不定式用作主语 动词不定式用作主语时,谓语动词用单数 To take care of the little children is what I want to do. 照看这些小孩子是我想做的事情 为了避免头重脚轻,常用it做形式主语放在句首,而将真正的 主语置于句末 It is important for you to work hard at college. 在大学里努力学习对你来说是重要的 注意 在“It is+adj.+不定式”句型中,当其中的形容词是说明 逻辑主语的性质、品质时,要由of引出逻辑主语,不能用for 这类形容词主要有 clever,foolish,kind,nice,polite,silly,stupid,wise等 Its wise of you to take your teachers advice. 你听取老师的建议是明智的 【即学即用】 完成句子 说服他改变主意是不可能的 It is impossible . 他做出这样的决定是很傻的 It is foolish of him . to persuade him to change his mind to make such a decision 2.不定式用作表语 不定式放在be,become,sound等系动词后面常表示将来的动 作或起解释说明作用,其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose, duty,job,suggestion等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
My present job is to answer the phone calls. 我目前的工作是接 【即学即用】 完成句子 他的理想是长大后做一名医生 His wish is . 我的建议是立即开始工作 My suggestion is at once. to be a doctor when he grows up to start work 3.不定式用作宾语 (1)不定式可以直接用作及物动词的宾语只能跟不定式做 宾语的动词有:afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,attempt, choose,claim,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,help,hesita te,hope,learn,manage,neglect,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,pro mise,prove,refuse,seem,tend,volunteer,want,wish等 The man refused to pick up his wife at the station. 这个人拒绝去车站接他的妻子 After the accident,he determined to give up smoking. 那起事故之后,他决定戒烟。
(2)不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how,whether 等疑问词 Please show us how to use the new machine. 请告诉我们怎样使用这台新机器 The girl didnt know what to do next. 这个女孩不知道下一步该做什么 (3)有时可用it做形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置 I think it very important to learn a foreign language. 我认为学一门外语是很重要的 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 He considered it impossible (finish) the work within two days. She wondered what(expect) in the future. to finish to expect 完成句子 我不知道他为什么拒绝回答这个问题 I dont know why he . 从我身边走过时,他假装不认识我 He when he walked past me. refused to answer this question pretended not to know me 4.不定式用作宾语补足语 (1)不定式常跟在下列动词之后做宾语补足语 :ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,command,enable,encourage,expe ct,feel,force,find,inform,invite,mean,notice,order,permit,pers uade,remind,require,request,teach,tell,urge,warn等。
My friend invited me to see the film yesterday. 昨天我的朋友邀请我去看了电影 Her parents didnt allow her to go out at night. 她的父母不允许她晚上出去 (2)当不定式用于表示致使意义的词(如:let,have,make)以及 表示感觉的词(如:see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel)后面用作宾语补足语时,要省略to Ill have my sister buy some food for you. 我会让我妹妹去给你买一些食物 注意 上述动词变为被动语态时不定式符号to不能省略 The young man is often seen to draw by the river. 经常看到这个年轻人在河边画画 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 The boss had the girl (buy) some drinks for the children. The officer ordered the people (leave) the building. buy to leave 完成句子 11请提醒我今晚给父母写信。
Please remind me . 12你可以请你哥哥帮你学习英语 You can ask your brother . to write to my parents tonight to help with your English 5.不定式用作定语 (1)动词不定式用作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的 后面 Be quiet,please.I have something important to say. 请安静,我有重要的事情要说 He was lucky to have got a chance to attend the party. 他很幸运,得到了参加那个派对的机会 (2)如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,那么动词后面就应有 必要的介词 Please give the old man a room to live in. 请给这个老人一个房间住 (3)当中心词为序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the only等或中 心词被这类词修饰时,常用不定式做定语 She is always the last one to leave her office every day. 她每天总是最后一个离开办公室。
He was the only person to attend my party. 他是唯一一个参加我派对的人 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 13Id like to go with you,but I have several emails (answer). 14She is always the first student (arrive) at school. to answer to arrive 完成句子 15他梦想着有去美国学习的机会 He dreams of there being a chance in the USA. 16这个女孩是村里唯一受过教育的人 The girl is the only person in her village. to study to receive education 6.不定式用作状语 (1)表示目的 The woman went to the hospital to see her friend yesterday. 昨天这个女人去医院看望了她的朋友 To keep up with others,he has been studying very hard. 为了赶上别人,他一直在努力学习。
(2)表示结果 动词不定式用作状语表示结果时常用于以下结构: so+形容词/副词+as to do 如此以至于 such+形容词+名词+as to do 如此以至于 enough+名词+to do 足够 名词/形容词/副词+enough+to do 足够 too+形容词/副词+to do 太以至于不能 The girl is not so stupid as to do that. 这个女孩还没有蠢到做那种事 注意 不定式短语表示结果时,常与only连用,暗示一种意外 的结果 They hurried to the station,only to find that the train had left. 他们匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经离开了 (3)表示原因 不定式用作原因状语,常用在某些表示情感的形容词之后 Im sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你病了,我很难过 【即学即用】 单句语法填空 17Im glad (pick) you up at the station today. 18She hurried home,only (find) the door was broken. to pick to find 完成句子 19他大声说着,为的是大家都听见他说话。
He spoke loudly . 20这个男孩太弱,搬不动这个箱子 The boy was too weak . to make himself heard to lift the box 二、-ed/-ing形容词 1.动词-ed形式用作形容词通常用于描述人的情感常见的- ed形容词有ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested, moved,pleased,surprised,worri。