高考英语知识串讲第1讲一、Language Points1.sharev. 分享、合用：share sth with sbn. 一份，股份sparea. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tirev. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/spare one of sandwiches for the boyspare no efforts：不遗余力 spare no expense：不惜工本savev. 节省，救出2.He felt lucky to have survived the war.3.with sb about/over sth：和某人就某事争论arguefor/against sth：赞成/反对…Sb into/out of (doing) sth：说服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)get sb to do sthhave+宾+宾补(to do/to be done)5.So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语So it is/was with+另一主语6.should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done7.except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clausebesides/in additionapart frombut for=without8.The first time+从句For the first time：作时间状语It’s the first time+that-clause(完成时)the first+名词+to do9.mostmost of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the)mostly: 主要地（状）10.be equal to sth：与…相等be equal to (doing) sth：胜任(做)某事equal sth：与…相等equal sb in sth：在…方面与某人匹敌pare…to/with…compared to/with…12.a great manyseveral/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.)(many) dozens ofa great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/two dozen of +pron.13.much too+adj/adv(原级)too much+n.(u.)too many+n.(pl.)14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发) occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to do…：某人突然想起…15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do：表将来With+宾+宾补 doing：表正在进行 Done：表过去16. 强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。
例：It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.二、语法专题──名词的考点1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词2. 考查名词的格，即 ’s所有格，of所有格或双重所有格3. 名词作定语4. 名词及名词短语的辨析5. 名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空1. 名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent指父亲或母亲，而parents指父母双亲；people指人们，而a people指民族其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如: exercise指锻炼；而exercises指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如:: event指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident指偶发事件；而accident指意外事件最后还要注意近形词的区别，如: cloth指布；cloths指各种不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(复数)，clothing衣服(总称)2. 动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如: reply意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。
其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如: advise与persuade, 前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed形式表示完成或被动；to do形式表示即将进行的动作等3. 形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如: clever指对问题处理的圆滑；bright指对问题的反应快；wise指选择的正确等此外，如wide与broad; strong与powerful; interesting与interested; exciting与excited等二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如: close作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”三是注意同根副词的区别，如: hard与hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不四是注意副词形式的形容词，如: friendly, lovely, lively实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用五是注意形容词的位置区别，如: present+n.与n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的4. 介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如: across, through, past, over为动作介词，across强调从表面横过，越过；through强调从空间穿过；past强调从侧面、旁边经过；over强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。
此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的区别5. 连词的辨析连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when, while与as; because, since与for; whether与if; though, as与although等二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如： every/each time; the first/second…time; the moment; the minute等，它们都可作连词，连接从句三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如: directly, immediately, instantly等四是注意连词的词序，如: only if与if only, 前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是…就好了”6. 代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如: other, others, the other, the others, another等；人称代词，如: one, it, that等和关系代词，如: which与that; which与as; whose与prep.+which/whom等1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend?A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve2. After the big fire, the house was completely____.A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____.A. living B. alive C. lively D. live4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.A. Tiring with B. Tiring of C. Tired with D. Tired of5. It’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job.A. electric B. electrical C. elctron D. electricity6. The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hanged7. On New Year’s Day, people, especially girls, always wear new____-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes.A. clothes B. clothing C. cloth D. cloths8. He stays up____ in the evenings to go online to get the____ information.A. late, latest B. lately, last C. late, last D. latest, latest9. ____ is it to ask her about her about that She doesn’t know it either.A. What good B. How good C. What a good D. How much good10. ____ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.A. Hardly B. Directly C. mostly D. Nearly11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become___ her?A. from B. of C. into D. /12. Who do you think will be allowed____ there tomorrow?A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship___ the sea.A. in B. ac。