毕业设计（论文）外文资料及译文姓 名 ： 准考证号 ： 专 业 ： 项目管理 助学单位 ： Risk management in the project management statusRisk management plays an important role in the project management system. The developed countries take risk management and object control as two basic project management. After our country joins WTO, fully in line with the international rules of all walks of life, the increasingly fierce competition, competitors change from a purely domestic enterprises to have advanced technology, standardized management and abundant capital international enterprises. At the same time, the development of science and technology and the changes of internal and external environment of the project, the project involves the uncertainty is increasing, the risk is also growing, the resulting risk loss is also more and more heavy. Therefore, risk management and control of project has become an important topic.近年来，由于对风险规律研究的日益深入，人们发现项目管理作为系统而言，与其内外部环境相关联的各影响因素（包括投入资源的成本、数量，宏观经济环境等）是随时间的变化而变化的，而且并非所有的影响因素都是可以在项目生命周期初期被完全识别的。
这种错综复杂的局面使得简单的局部风险管理已经无法适应现代项目管理的要求，就此引出全面风险管理的思想与传统风险管理不同，全面风险管理强调是用系统的、动态的方法进行风险控制，以减少项目实施过程中的不确定性它不仅使各层次的管理者建立风险意识，重视风险问题，防范于未然，而且在项目的各个阶段、各个方面实施有效的风险控制，形成一个前后连贯的动态管理过程目前，全面风险管理已成为项目管理发展的新趋势 In recent years, the research on the risk of developing, people found that the project management as a system, and its internal and external environment factors related to the influence of joint (including the cost of input resources, the quantity, the macroeconomic environment) is changing with time and the influence factors, and not all can be completely identification of early in the project life cycle. This perplexing situation makes the simple local risk management has been unable to adapt to the requirements of modern project management, this leads to the idea of a comprehensive risk management. Different from the traditional risk management, comprehensive risk management that is risk control system, dynamic, in order to reduce the uncertainty in the process of project implementation. It not only makes the managers at all levels to establish risk awareness, pay attention to the risk of problems, take preventive measures, and the implementation of effective risk control in each stage, the project dynamic management process, forming a coherent. At present, the comprehensive risk management has become a new trend in the development of project management.目前，我国企业管理人员的风险管理意识薄弱，缺乏风险管理的人才和经验，风险管理组织和制度尚不够健全。
在对此进行反思的基础上应该加快全面风险管理发展的步伐 At present, the enterprise management personnel in our country risk management awareness is weak, the lack of risk management talent and experience, risk management organization and system is not perfect. Based on this reflection should accelerate the development of a comprehensive risk management steps.二、明确项目风险的来源是全面风险管理的基础 Two, clear the source of project risk is the basis for comprehensive risk management项目风险是指可能导致项目损失的不确定性不同类型的项目有不同的风险，相同类型的项目根据其所处的环境、采用的技术等不同，其风险也是各不相同的。
一般来说，项目风险分为以下四类 Project risk is the risk that may lead to project uncertainty of loss. Different types of projects have different risk, the same types of projects according to their environment, the technology and so on, the risk is not the same. Generally speaking, the project risk is divided into the following four categories.1、技术、性能、质量方面的风险项目采用的技术与工具是项目风险的重要来源之一一般说来，项目中采用新技术或技术创新无疑是提高项目绩效的重要手段，但这样也会带来一些问题，许多新的技术未经证实或并未被充分掌握，则会影响项目的成功另外出于竞争的需要，往往会有提高项目产品性能、质量方面的要求，而不切实际的要求也是项目风险的来源 Risk 1, technology, performance, quality aspects. Project technology and tools used is an important source of project risk. Generally speaking, the project adopts new technology or technology innovation is an important means to improve project performance, but it also brings some problems, many new technology is unproven or has not been fully grasp, it will affect the success of the project. In addition to the competition, often there will be projects to improve product performance, quality requirements, and unrealistic demands is also the source of project risk.2、项目管理方面的风险。
项目管理风险包括项目过程管理的方方面面，如项目计划的时间、资源分配（包括人员、设备材料）、项目质量管理、项目管理技术（流程、规范、工具等）的采用以及外包商的管理等 2, the risk of project management. The risk of project management including project process management aspects, such as the time of the project plan, the allocation of resources (including personnel, equipment and materials), project quality management, project management (process, specification, tools etc.) and the use of outsourcing management etc..3、组织方面的风险组织风险中的一个重要的风险就是项目决策时所确定的项目范围、时间与费用之间的矛盾项目范围、时间与费用是项目的三个要素，它们之间相互制约。
不合理的匹配必然导致项目执行的困难，从而产生风险项目资源不足或资源冲突方面的风险同样不容忽视组织中的文化氛围同样会导致一些风险的产生，如团队合作和人员激励不当导致人员离职等 3, the organization's risk. The contradiction between the time and the cost of project scope, the decision an important risk is the risk of the project organizat。