被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如: The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today. 其它几种特殊句型：It is said that …….. It is well known that ……. It is reported that……..have sth done 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。
在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略请看示范:主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语 谓语动词 宾语其余部分被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语 谓语动词 by+宾语其余部分对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等如: The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。
一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for如: My father gave me a new book on my birthday.→ I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语) A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态 带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等如: We find English very useful.→ English is found very useful. 宾语 宾补 I often hear him sing in his room.→ He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语 宾补 4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。
如: The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题二、被动语态考点归纳1. 主动语态改为被动语态时，被动语态应和主动语态的时态保持一致如：We speak English . （改为被动语态） English ________ _______ by us. ［分析］此句主动语态为一般现在时态，被动语态也应用一般现在时态，因此，答案应是is spoken2. 注意被动语态的谓语结构一般现在时是：am / is / are + p.p ；一般过去时是：was / were + p.p ；现在完成时是：have / has / been + p.p；现在进行时是：am / is / are / + being + p.p；含有情态动词的是：情态动词＋be + p.p有诗曰：被动语态须注意，谓语不离“be”“p.p”主谓一致别忘记，“进行”易丢一个“be”注：p.p过去分词）如：We must take good care of our eyes. （改为被动语态） Our eyes must ____ _______ good care of. ［分析］此句中含有情态动词must，那么，我们根据“情态动词＋be+p.p.”的公式可知，答案应是be taken。
3. 注意句中主谓语的一致关系如：Tea ______ （grow）in southeast of China and India. ［分析］此句中主语tea是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式而此句说明的又是一自然现象，因此就应用一般现在时态所以，答案应是is grown4. 注意复合宾语的变化如：They couldn”t make the cow go. （改为被动语态）［分析］the cow go 在句中作make的复合宾语一般情况下，变为被动语态后，宾语补足语的结构形式、所处位置原封不动地保存下来，但make / have / let / see / watch / hear 等后原可省的to要还原回来显然，此句中，the cow go 中省去的to应还原回来，因此答案应是The cow couldn”t be made to go. 5. 注意双宾语的变化如：Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday . （改为被动语态）Two pictures _____ ______ _____ the students by Mr Smith. ［分析］变为被动语态时，双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语，一般变直接宾语，但间接宾语前必须加上介词to或for。
此句中显然是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，那么，间接宾语前须加上介词to，所以答案应是were shown to6. 注意短语动词中的“小词”如：The old men and the children ____ in our country. A. must take good care B. must be taken good careC. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of ［分析］短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，应当做一个词来看待，变成被动语态后，“小词”不能丢弃因此，此题答案应是CUNIT5)直接引语变间接引语一、句式的变化1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句〔that在口语中常省略〕She said,“Our train will arrive in five minutes.”She said (that) their train would arrive in five minutes.He said,“I’m very busy.” He said (that) he was very busy.2. 一般疑问句变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。
He said,“Can you swim,John?” He asked John if he could swim.The teacher said,“Have you all understood me?” The teacher asked if we had all understood him.If/whether的用法主要区别点:a. whether可与or (not)连用I don’t know whether he will come or not.b.与介词连用：We are talking about whether he will win.c.与不定式连用：I can’t decide whether to go with you.3. 特殊疑问句变为由who/what/when等疑问词引导的宾语从句George said,“When will you get back from Shanghai,Mike?”George asked Mike when he would get back from ShanghaiHe said,“Where are you going?” He asked where I was going.4. 祈使句变为动词不定式。
〔表示命令时常用tell;表示请求时常用askDon’t变为not〕The teacher said to the boy,“Open the window .” The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him,“Don’t leave the door open.” His father told him not to leave the door open.5 .反意疑问句，变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句She asked me,“You have seen the film, haven’t you?” She asked me if/whether I had seen the film.6. 选择问句，变为whether…or…I asked him,“Will you stay at hom。