《练习--语法点》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《练习--语法点（18页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、【练习四语法点】1. somebody/someone 复合不定代词,“某人，有人”，永远是单数意义，但相应的人称代词除了用his、her外，现代英语还可以用they/their.Somebody/someone has taken my umbrella.Somebody/someone lost his/ their umbrella.2. 传统语法规定在否定句、疑问句或条件句用anybody、anyone。但是如果表示较肯定的意思或提出请示，someone、somebody也可用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。3. some body指某具尸体或某个团体；some one则指某一个人或一件事，
2、后面可以接of短语。4. 英语中，没有some ones的结构。但在some 和one之间插入一个形容词，则是规范化英语。He has many old stamps, but I have some new ones.else adv. 通常做后置定语1. 用在wh-疑问代词和wh-疑问副词之后。Who else（=which other person）would do such a thing?What else(=what more) can we do?Where else did you go besides Paris?How else could it have happened
3、?2. 用在以-body, -one, -place,-thing和-where结尾的复合不定代词和复合副词之后。Some else (some other person) will have to take my place.Knowledge is more precious than anything else (=any other thing).I dont know how to do it; you can ask everyone else (every other person)You must have left the keys somewhere/ someplace
4、else(=in/at/ to some other place.)3. 用在表示单数的all(=everything), much, a great/ good deal, a lot 和little 之后。We will take this step only if all else fails.Theres little/ not much else we can do now.Theres not a great deal else we can do now.4. else作后置修饰语只用在上述三种情况。else不能用在名词之后作后置定语。如*every/ any student e
5、lse应改为every/ any other student.JoinJoin 之后可以直接跟人称名词或宾格人称代词（it除外），如：Join me/ us/ them/ you/ him for sth./ in (doing) sth.指“和一起/一道（参加某活动”。如果宾语是非人称代词，要用join in （间或用join）。如：join (in) the game, join (in) the strike, join in the conversation/ the discussion/ an argument/ doing sth.与某人一道参加某活动，也可以用join with
6、 sb. in doing sth.参加某团体/组织并成为其中一员，join不能接介词in.Join a(n)/the army/ club/ company/ conflict/navy/Labor/ Communist Party1. Neither 既是限定词（只限定单数可数名词）又是代词。Neither method/ neither is correct.Neither of the (two) methods is correct.*Neither the method is correct.2. Neither of 通常与单数动词连用。就近原则Neither of us is/
7、are happy about the situation.Neither of them are welcome.Neither of them want(s) to come.Neither of the books are really suitable.3. neither也可以是副词作状语位于句首，表示“also not”，后面跟倒装语序。Tom doesnt drink, neither does he use bad language.If you dont go, neither shall I(/ Me neither/ Me either.)-I cant swim.-Ne
8、ither can I.(/ Me neither/ Me either.)spoken English.4. neithernor是否定并列连词，连接的两个部分在语法性质上必须完成相等。Neither George nor I broke the window.We can neither see nor hear very well.We had neither food nor water for three whole days.5. 连接两个以上的成分，用neithernornor.或者只在最后一个成分前用nor。注意：连接两个成双结对的成分时，用neitheror, noror.T
9、he poor orphan said he had neither father or/ *nor mother, nor any brothers or /*nor sisters.6. neithernor连接两个分句时，两个分句都要用倒装语序。Neither does Mary like John, nor will she marry him.=Mary neither likes John nor will marry him.Neither did she write him, nor did she telephone him.=She neither wrote nor te
10、lephoned him.Neithernor连接两个状语位于句首时，也要用倒装语序。Neither today nor tomorrow shall we start out.=We shall start out neither today nor tomorrow.Neither by bus nor by bike did he get there.7. neithernor 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词通常根据就近原则。Neither you nor he is for her opinion.Neither you, nor I, nor anybody else know any
11、thing about it.Neither Tom nor his brothers are waiting outside.For 与becauseFor 当并列连词用表示原因或理由时，for引导的分句前面通常加逗号（分号）。We must start early, for we have a long way to go.1. Because是从属连词，分句一份放在句末，放在句首表强调。For是并列连词，引导的分句一般放在后面。Because it was raining he took a taxi.Because he was unhappy, he asked to be tran
12、sferred.2. because 引导的分句是重心，“因果关系”For引导的分句是对前一分句的推理或解释，只说明理由。The day breaks because the sun is rising.The day breaks, for the birds are singing.He was absent because he was ill. （根本原因）He was absent, for he was ill. (推断)3. Because 或because of 能回答why引起的疑问句，for不行。4. for-分句不能单纯重复已经讲过的内容，经常包括一些新的内容。He sp
13、oke in French. She was angry because /*for he had spoken in French.1. Expect 之后加不定式、复合结构或分句，均指还没有发生的情况或即将发生的事。I expect (that) hell pass the exam.I expect him to pass the exam.I expected (that) hed pass the exam.Expect 通常不指过去的事。I expect you did well in calculus.-I hope you have done well in calculus.
14、2. I dont expect +that-分句或者不定式，否定可以转移到that-分句或不定式，意思基本相同。I dont expect you will leave soon. =I expect you wont leave soon.He didnt expect to win.=He expected not to win.3.expect 可以用两种相关的被动式People didnt expect him to resign. It was (not) expected for him to resign/ that hed resign.He was (not) expect
15、ed to resign.4. expect 之后常接so做直接宾语，代替前面提到的整个分句，避免重复。So的否定替代词是not。-will he need help?-No, I dont expect so. / I expect not.5. expect sb. 指期待某人来，所以后面不需要加to come.We expect you tomorrow. You are expected tomorrow.I expected her yesterday.Weve been expecting you.Im expecting a letter from my sister.Expect (too much) of sb. 表示对某人抱有太大希望You are expecting too much of her.6. expect 用于过去完成时(had expected) 后随不定式一般式或用过去式（expected）后随不定式完成式，表示没有实现的愿望或期待。I had expected to go and see you. (But I was too busy.)I had expected to write to her.=I
