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1、INTRODUCTION to ACTION RESEARCH 2nd Edition We dedicate this book to the best learning partners of all: Pilar Fernandez-Caiiadas Greenwood and Turid Sand Levin. Much of what is good about this book has been learned from them and without the space they created to make our collaboration possible, this
2、 book would not exist. Davydd Greenwood would also like to acknowledge that Morten Levin, whose idea the book was to begin with, has exceeded all reasonable expectations for a colleague and friend. Were it not for his selfless support over the past year, the current revised edition would not have be
3、en completed. INTRODUCTION to ACTION RESEARCH 2nd Edition Social Research for Social Change Davydd J. Greenwood Cornell University Morten Levin Norwegian University of Science and Technology Copyright 2007 by Sage Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or util
4、ized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: Sage Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: order
5、 Sage Publications Ltd. I Olivers Yard 55 City Road London ECIY ISP United Kingdom Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B-42, Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi II 0 0 17 India Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greenwoo
6、d, Davydd . Introduction to action research : social research for social change I Davydd . Greenwood, Morten Levin. - 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-4129-2597-5 or 978- 1-4129-2597-6 (pbk.) I . Action research. I. Levin, Morten. II. Title. HM571.G74 2007 300. 72
7、-dc22 2006014042 07 08 09 10 II 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Acquiring Editor: Associate Editor: Editorial Assistant: Production Editor: Copy Editor: Typesetter: Indexer: Cover Designer: Lisa Cuevas Shaw Margo Crouppen Karen Greene Sanford Robinson Pam Suwinsky C they have critiqued most of the ideas in thi
8、s book; they have constantly held us accountable with their tough questions deriving from the existential dilemmas they face as action researchers. We have been their colearners in the process of creating this book. So the present book has emerged out of an 1 1-year dialogue between Greenwood and Le
9、vin in which students of all kinds and ages have been active participants. Our commitment to these students, combined with our belief that we have something new to say about AR, caused us to write the book. xii INTRODUCTION TO ACTION RES EARCH The book is unique in a number of ways. It lays out an e
10、pistemological agenda for AR, one that reaches well beyond the aspirations of many prac titioners and that issues a head-on challenge to the conventional academic social sciences on both epistemological and ethical grounds. It is also unique in trying to map out the diversity and complexity of the i
11、ntellectual and political streams that feed into AR. We do not try to reduce this complexity to one ideal model. Rather, we want readers to understand something about the different approaches to AR practice. We took this approach intentionally. We do not think there is one right way to do AR, even t
12、hough we have practices that we prefer personally. AR is both context specific and linked closely to the skills, background, and interests of the practitioner. We have learned through our teaching that we cannot pre dict how particular students will connect to AR issues. We know that good pedagogy r
13、equires an open and diverse approach that enables students to find their own points of connection. Though a completed book, this remains a work in progress, an invitation to dialogue and debate in a field that has not seen enough of it. Our aim and hope is that the book will encourage the reader to
14、reflect critically on AR praxis; we invite you to join us in this project. Acknowledgments W e would like to acknowledge the initiative and enthusiastic support we have received from Lisa Cuevas Shaw at Sage Publications, on whose initiative this revised edition of the book was created. The reviews
15、she com missioned helped us refashion the book, as have the many journal reviews since its initial publication. Pam Suwinskys copyediting was superb. Part 1 What Is Action Research? T his book presents action research (AR) as a set of collaborative ways of conducting social research that simultaneou
16、sly satisfies rigorous scien tific requirements and promotes democratic social change. We introduce the reader to the epistemological and the technical issues raised by AR, and we paint a broad picture of the varieties of AR found around the globe. In Chapter 1 (“Introduction: Action Research, Diversity, and Democracy“), we introduce AR as a research strategy and reform practice. We view AR as a way of working in the field, of utilizing multiple research techniques aimed at enhancing
