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1、i FUTUROLOGY OF EDUCATION: THE INDIAN CONTEXT ii Dedicated to Professor Alvin Toffler, the Pioneering Futurologist iii FUTUROLOGY OF EDUCATION: THE INDIAN CONTEXT Edited by: PROF. S.P. RUHELA KANISHKA PUBLISHERS, DISTRIBUTORS NEW DELHI-110 002 iv KANISHKA PUBLISHERS, DISTRIBUTORS 4697/5-21 A, Ansari
2、 Road, Darya Ganj New Delhi- 110 002 Phones : 327 0497, 328 8285 Fax : 91-328 8285 First Published 2000 Editor ISBN 81-7391-339-0 PRINTED IN INDIA Published by Madan Sachdeva for Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, 4697/5-21 A, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi- 110 002; Typeset by R. S. Prints, Gaut
3、am Nagar, New Delhi and Printed at Nice Printing Press, Delhi. v Preface Auguste Comte, the eminent French Philosopher of the 19th Century, who is known as the Father of Sociology, was keenly interested in human welfare and human progress in future. However, sociologists for a very long time did not
4、 take any interest in the futurological studies, till Alvin Toffler, who had taught Sociology of the Future one of the first such courses in the world, at the New School of Social Research in the U.S.A. and was editor of the wellknown international journal Fortune, published his thrilling book Futur
5、e Shock in 1970 and emerged as the Guru of Futurolog. During the last 30 years due to the motivation generated by his books and other futurologists contributions, the interdisciplinary field of Futurology has developed considerably. Now many scholars of natural sciences, social sciences as well as h
6、umanities are keenly involved in futurological studies. In India also Futurology as an interdisciplinary field has emerged. The credit for it goes to eminent futurologists like Dr. Satish Seth, Prof. J.N. Kapur, Prof. Malcolm Adisheshiah, Prof. V.N.K. Reddy, Prof. K.G. Deshmukh, Prof. R.P. Singh, Gu
7、rucharan Das and others. The National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi, had, under the leadership of Prof. H.N. Pandit, organised a national workshop on the Alternative Educational Futures in 1977. Centres for the study of Futurology have been started in about a dozen Indian u
8、niversities due to the encouragement of the University Grants Commission. Since then a number of articles have appeared in the Indian press in recent years, most of which have been written by scientists, journalists and votaries of Information Technology. However, teaching of Futurology has not yet
9、formally and meaningfully started in the Indian universities. During the last 30 years, so many seminars and workshops have been organised, so many University Convocation Addresses have dwelt on the theme of Futurology and an important national seminar on the theme Higher vi Education in 21st Centur
10、y : Vision how seriously and rationally they can do so is another matter. Many people really do not think much of their future, out of their ignorance or fear to change their traditional cultural mode of life. Needless to stress that since rapid social changes and technological changes are taking pl
11、ace in the world, it has now become absolutely necessary for every person and every country to start thinking about their futures very seriously and to prepare themselves for the future shock that lies ahead. Let us briefly highlight the main ideas, concepts and implications or thrusts of the newly
12、emerging futurology or futuristics the science of future, as mentioned by many futurologists culled by us to understand it comprehensively : 1. The three broad objectives of Futuristics or Futur-ology are : 4 (a) to develop future consciousness in people; (b) to motivate them to develop future-orien
13、ted behavioural skills in them; and (c) to help the given society or people in thinking about the various kinds and possibilities of their future. 2. The study of the future in the social context alone provides us with a rational approach to scan and map out our journey towards the future. It offers
14、 us ways and means to work on and for a creative future. 3. Futurology helps us in identifying future opportunities and, judge in advance the likely future threats. 4. Futures can be of three kinds : (a) Possible futures : These are all such futures which may happen. It is not necessary that they mu
15、st actually happen. (b) Probable futures: These are such futures whose likelihood of happening is very much there as they are based on some logical possibilities. (c) Preferred or Preferable Futures : These are such futures which we wish to see happen in preference to all other sorts of possible and
16、 probable futures. 5. Efforts should be made to imagine and understand ones preferred future as logically and as clearly as possible in a very creative manner. 6. Futuristics, Futurology or Futurism is both an art and a science. What futurism as an art, attempts to do is to enrich the range of alternative, to define a broader array of possibilities. What futurism as a science attempts to do, is to explore systematically two decision points, to relate interactions,
