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1、 Continuum Companion to Historical Linguistics Also available from Continuum Published Continuum Companion to Second Language Acquisition Edited by Ernesto Macaro Continuum Companion to Research Methods in Applied Linguistics Edited by Brian Paltridge and Aek Phakiti Forthcoming Continuum Companion
2、to Phonology Edited by Nancy C. Kula, Bert Botma and Kuniya Nasukawa Continuum Companion to Discourse Analysis Edited by Ken Hyland and Brian Paltridge Continuum Companion to Translation Studies Edited by John Kearns and Jody Bryne Continuum Companion to Phonetics Edited by Patricia Ashby, Mark J. J
3、ones and Rachael-Anne Knight Continuum Companion to Syntax and Syntactic Theory Edited by Silvia Luraghi and Claudia Parodi Continuum Companion to TESOL Edited by Jun Liu Continuum Companion to Historical Linguistics Edited by Silvia Luraghi and Vit Bubenik Continuum International Publishing Group T
4、he Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London SE1 7NX New York, NY 10038 Silvia Luraghi, Vit Bubenik and Contributors 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmi? ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
5、 recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-4411-4465-2 (hardcover) Library of Congress Catalog
6、ing-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Contributors ix Editors
7、Introduction xiii 1 Historical Linguistics: History, Sources and Resources 1 Silvia Luraghi and Vit Bubenik Part I: Methodology 2 Sound Change and the Comparative Method: The Science of Historical Reconstruction 39 John Hewson 3 Internal Reconstruction 52 Brian D. Joseph 4 Typology and Universals 59
8、 Hans Henrich Hock 5 Internal Language Classifi cation 70 Sren Wichmann Part II: Phonological Change 6 Segmental Phonological Change 89 Joseph Salmons 7 Suprasegmental and Prosodic Historical Phonology 106 Hans Henrich Hock Part III: Morphological and Grammatical Change 8 From Morphologization to De
9、morphologization 117 Henning Andersen vi 9 Analogical Change 147 Livio Gaeta 10 Change in Grammatical Categories 161 Vit Bubenik Part IV: Syntactic Change 11 Word Order 201 Jan Terje Faarlund 12 The Rise (and Possible Downfall) of Confi gurationality 212 Silvia Luraghi 13 Subordination 230 Dorothy D
10、isterhe? and Carlo? a Viti 14 Alignment 250 Geoff rey Haig Part V: Semantico-Pragmatic Change 15 Grammaticalization 271 Elizabeth Closs Traugo? 16 Semantic Change 286 Eugenio R. Lujn 17 Etymology 311 Thomas Krisch Part VI: Explanations of Language Change 18 Language Contact 325 Bridget Drinka 19 Reg
11、ional and Social Dialectology 346 J. K. Chambers 20 Causes of Language Change 358 Silvia Luraghi AZ Historical Linguistics 371 References 385 Index of Subjects 431 Index of Authors 441 Index of Languages 449 Contents List of Illustrations Figures Figure 5.1 A starshaped phylogeny 75 Figure 5.2 An un
12、rooted tree of 4 taxa (quartet) 75 Figure 5.3 A network of four taxa 76 Figure 5.4 Another network of four taxa 76 Figure 5.5 A network illustration of distinctive branch lengths 76 Figure 5.6ab Two versions of the same rooted tree 76 Figure 5.7 A frequency plot of distances for pairs of Uto-Aztecan
13、 languages 83 Figure 5.8 A rank-by-distance plot for Uto-Aztecan 84 Figure 10.1 Systemic values of major aspectual categories within Event Time (a? er Hewson and Bubenik, 1997: 1314) 182 Figure 16.1 Development of color terms (Kay 1975: 257) 300 Figure 16.2 Extension of verbs of perception (Viberg 1
14、983: 147) 300 Figure 16.3 Abstraction scale according to Heine et al. (1991: 159) 306 Figure 16.4 Semantic Map of Dative (Haspelmath 1999) 307 Figure 19.1 The bundle of isoglosses trace the main dialect division in France between French in the north and Provenal in the south (based on Jochnowitz 197
15、3, from Chambers and Trudgill 1998: 96 used by permission) 349 Figure 19.2 (aw)-Fronting in Toronto for males and females (m, f) fi ve age-groups (indicated by birth-year) based on studies made in 1979 (dark bars) and 1997 (light bars) (Chambers 2006: 116) 355 vii viii Tables Table 8.1 Latin kukurri
16、st you.sg ran, have run 119 Table 8.2 Latin kukurrist you.sg ran, have run 120 Table 8.3 Ictus change and univerbation in Polish past-tense forms, robi make, do 128 Table 8.4 Metanalysis of Russ. dial. dve dv-e 131 Table 8.5 Morphologized prosodic apophonies in Jutish 133 Table 8.6 Inherited and innovated narrative tenses in Bulgarian 137 Table 8.7 Two types of expression reduction in Russian adjectives; takj such 139 Table 8.8 The chronological development of inf
