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1、 VIRTUAL DECISIONS Digital Simulations for Teaching Reasoning in the Social Sciences and Humanities This page intentionally left blank VIRTUAL DECISIONS Digital Simulations for Teaching Reasoning in the Social Sciences and Humanities Edited by Steve Cohen Tufts University Kent E. Portney Tufts Unive
2、rsity Dean Rehberger Michigan State University Carolyn Thorsen Boise State University LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS Mahwah, New JerseyLondon2006 Copyright ? 2006 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, micr
3、oform, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Virtual decisions : digital simulations for teaching reas
4、oning in the social sciences and humanities / edited by Steve Cohen . . . et al. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-4994-7 (c : alk. paper) ISBN 0-8058-4995-5 (p : alk. paper) 1. Simulation games in education.2. Social sciencesComputer-assisted instruction.3. Decision m
5、akingComputer-assisted instruction. 4. Virtual reality in education.I. Cohen, Steve, 1958 LB1029.S53V572005 300?.71dc222004060682 CIP This edition published in the Taylor and he is the coeditor of The Dis- tributional Impacts of Public Policies (St. Martins, 1988). He also has written numerous journ
6、al articles and book chapters. His co- authored article, “Mobilizing Minority Communities: Social Capital and Participation in Urban Neighborhoods,” appeared in American Behavioral Scientist (1997), and his article, “Environmental Justice andSustainability:IsThereaCriticalNexusintheCaseofWasteDis- p
7、osal or Treatment Facility Sitting?” appeared in Fordham Urban Law Journal (1994). Portney has held grants from the Ford Founda- tion, the National Science Foundation, and the Polaroid Founda- tion. He also received a 3-year grant from the U.S. Department of Educations Fund for the Improvement in Po
8、stsecondary Education (FIPSE) to support the development of Crime and Punishment, a multimedia simulation of the criminal sentencing process in the fel- ony courts, which was featured at H-NETs Envisioning the Future conference. Professor Portney was recipient of the American Politi- cal Science Ass
9、ociations 1997 Rowman and Littlefield Award for in- novative teaching in Political Science. He also received the APSA section on Computers and Multimedia Award for best instructional software. He is also cofounder of the Simulation Education and Re- search Group (SERG), an academic group dedicated t
10、o the advance- ment of digital decision simulations in the social sciences and humanities.Hiscurrentresearchincludesanalysisofsustainablecit- iesinitiativesintheUnitedStates(http:/ase.tufts.edu/polsci/facstaf/ kportney/portney.html) Dean Rehberger, Ph.D. Associate Director of Matrix Associate Profes
11、sor of American Studies Michigan State University Ph.D., University of Utah. Associate Professor at Michigan State Uni- versity, and the Associate Director of MATRIX. Dean has been teach- ing online courses for several years and has run several faculty technology workshops for both MSU faculty membe
12、rs and African scholars. He has developed educational software for courses and xii ABOUT THE AUTHORS several online educational sites and resources. His primary areas of research are the impact of the Internet on culture and the uses of Internettechnologiesintheclassroom.Heisprojectcoordinatorfor se
13、veral large archives projects including the NGSW and West African ArchiveInitiative.HeisalsocoordinatingahostofotherMatrixproj- ects (http:/matrix.msu.edu). Carolyn Thorsen, Ph.D. Professor and Chair, Department of Educational Technology College of Education, Boise State University Ph.D., Utah State
14、 University. Carolyn is the Chair of the Educational TechnologydepartmentatBoiseStateUniversitysCollegeofEduca- tion.Shespecializesineducationaltechnologyinalleducationalset- tings, and is a highly recognized scholar in the field. Among her publications is the book Techtactics: Instructional Models
15、for Edu- cation Computing and the internationally delivered “Educational Technology Competency Examination.” Additionally she is working with the Buck Institute for Education and the George Lucas Educa- tional Foundation directing the design and implementation of a FIPSE funded Web site for teaching
16、 project based learning at http:/ edtech.boisestate.edu/FIPSE Kenneth O. McGraw, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology University of Mississippi Ph.D.,UniversityofOklahoma.KenMcGrawreceivedhisundergrad- uate degree in English Literature from Washington and Lee Univer- sity in 1966. Following 2 years in Tunisia with the Peace Corps, 2 yearsasaTEFLteacherindowntownAtlanta,and2yearsinJapanon a Fulbright Grant, he attended the University of Oklahoma where he receivedhisPh.D.inexperimentalp
