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1、基础语法过关,一、主谓结构,复习目标: 1、不定冠词的用法比较; 2、定冠词的习惯用法; 3、零冠词的习惯用法; 4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法; 重点/难点:高考中冠词的运用,肯定句 基本结构,主语+,v. es/v.原形,am/is/are+v. -ing,have/has+v.p.p,v. -ed,was/were+v. -ing,had+v.p.p,have/has+been doing(一直在做),will/be going to+v.原形,+,介词短语,副词,不定式,时间状语,地点状语,一、实例展示 1.He comes late. 2. He left in a hurry to c
2、atch the bus. 3. He is working hard. 4. He was working at that time. 5. He has just left. 6. He has been working all the morning. 7. He had left. 5. He will come here next week.,仿写练习 1. 你赢了。 2. 他失败了。 3. 很多小朋友在哭。 4. 会议已经开始了。 5. 我明天回来。,6. 昨天五点我在学习。 7. 他一整天都在学习。,二、定冠词的基本用法 1. 用于上文提到过的人或事物前。 He sent me
3、a pen. The pen is very nice. 2. 用于说话双方心目中都知道的人或事物前。 Close the window, please. 3. 用于有限制性修饰语的人或事物前。 Paris is the capital of France. 4. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。 As we all know, the earth goes around the sun. 5. 用于序数词或最高级之前。 This was the first time he had ever been late.,6. 用于某些由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。 We visit the Chil
4、drens Palace. 7. 用于姓氏复数之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家” The Browns have gone to Beijing. 8. 与某些形容词或分词连用, 表示一类人或事物。 e.g. the young 年轻人 the grown-up成年人 9. 在play后的西洋乐器名词前, 如:play the piano, play the violin。 10. 用于年代、朝代、时代名词前, 如:in the 1970s。 11. 用于指整个类属。 Who invented the telephone?,三、不用冠词的情况 1. 在表示泛指的不可数名词前。 I have mil
5、k and bread for my breakfast. 2. 在表示泛指的复数可数名词前。 Computers play a great part in our life. 3. 在学科名词前和三餐的名词前。 We study physics and chemistry. 4. 在play后所接的球类运动、棋类游戏前。 We often play football. 5. 季节/月份/周日/含有day的节日名词前。 I was born in September.,6. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。 a/ the my book.(错) a/ the th
6、is book.(错) The Marys son(错),四、习惯用法 英语中有不少名词不带冠词,带定冠词或带不定冠词意思完全不同。如: go to school 上学 go to the school 去学校 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前部 (sit) at table 在吃饭 (sit) at the table 坐在桌子旁边,go to sea 去当水手 go to the sea 到海滨去(度假) out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能 be in hospital 在住院 be in the ho
7、spital 在医院,课堂检测:用冠词a/an, the填空。 Jacks father is _ doctor. Tom is _ honest boy. We all like him. English is a language. It is _ important tool. Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. If we expect_ much cleaner world, we should attract_ worlds
8、attention to protect the world. I live on _second floor. He bought a computer. _computer is very nice.,a,an,a,the,the,The,an,an,a,泛指,一种职业,honest/nist/发音以元音开头,特指前面提到的人/物,熟读深思,Tom, a1 classmate of mine, is a2 Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a3teacher,
9、is considered to be the4most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school and the5last one to leave every day. He believes the harder you study the6 more knowledge youll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the 7radio. Both of them are working for the8St
10、udents Union. They are of an9age and I am a10year older than they are.,We are good friends because we have a11lot in common. First of all, three of us were born in the121990s. Secondly, we all like playing the13violin and love sports. We play football twice a14week even if we are now in Senior Grade
11、 Three. Thirdly, we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the15disabled. For example, we often go to a village near our school to look after the16Browns, both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a17Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that
12、we didnt go back home until the18 sun set.,汉语译文:我的一个同班同学汤姆是我们班里的活雷锋,他总是乐于助人。亨利, 他的父亲是老师, 被认为是我们班里最勤奋的学生,每天都是第一个到校最后一个离校。他认为学习越努力, 学的知识就越多。 汤姆喜欢看电视,而享利喜欢听收音机。他们两人都在学生会工作。他们的年龄相同, 我比他们大一岁。 我们是朋友,因为我们有许多相同的地方。首先,我们三个都出生在九十年代。第二,我们都喜欢演奏小提琴和喜欢运动,即使我们读高三了,也依然每周踢两次足球。第三,我们不但尊敬师长而且也关心残疾人。例如,我们常常去学校附近的一个村庄去照
13、看布朗夫妇,他们两个都在一次事故中腿瘸了。我记得在一个星期六的下午,我们同布朗夫妇谈得非常开心,直到日落才回家。,1.泛指的一个,用不定冠词。 2.表示“像一样的人”,用不定冠词。 3.职业身份前,表示类别,用不定冠词。 4.最高级前用定冠词。 5.序数词前用定冠词。 6.构成句式: the morethe more(越就越)。 7.习惯用语on the radio。 8.普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词。 9.表示“同一”,用不定冠词。,熟读深思,10. 表示数量“一”,用不定冠词。 11. 构成短语a lot。 12. 在逢整数的基数词前表示年代,用定冠词。 13. 在表示演奏play后,
14、西洋乐器名词前,用定冠词。 14. 表示“每一”,用不定冠词。 15. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人, 用定冠词。 16. 用在姓氏复数前表示某夫妇或一家人,用定冠词。 17. 表示“某一”,用不定冠词。 18. 在独一无二的事物前,用定冠词。,冠词与高考,语法填空中,若“(形容词+)名词” 前没有其他限定词时,很可能就是填冠词。然后,根据下列三种方法确定用定冠词还是用不定冠词。 1. 理解法。不是特指,不用the。 2. 观察法。若名词后有of短语、不定式或者定语从句等,一般用定冠词。 3. 翻译法。凡是可译作“一个,有一个,任何一个,每一,同一” 的,一般用不定冠词;凡是译文中有“这/那”
15、 字眼的,一般用定冠词。,短文改错主要考查冠词的多用与少用,也会考查定冠词与不定冠词之间的混用。,一、单句填空 用a, an或the填空。,灵活运用,1. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation.,作宾语的名词amazing conversation前应填限定词; 根据习惯搭配可知填不定冠词an, 因为have a conversation 意为“谈话”。,an,2. A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a
16、spring of clear water. _ water was sweet.,作主语的名词前应填限定语; 特指前面提到的clear water, 相当于“这”种清泉, 故填The。,The,3. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet,句中experience意为“经历”, 是可数名词;作表语的名词experience前应填限定词; 由冒号之后的内容可知, 一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历, 表示“一次”用不定冠词,故填a。,a,4. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car