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1、必修5unit4语法 倒装句英语的自然语序是主语 + 谓语（+其他成分）。有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装语序。将谓语部分或完全放在主语之前。只将助动词或情态动词或系动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。将谓语动词放在主语之前称为完全倒装。一、部分倒装 （一般疑问句和特殊疑问句是部分倒装）1、only在句首 修饰（状语）副词、介词短语、状语从句。（修饰名词代词（主语）时不倒装） Only by working hard can we succeed. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only when I left my parents
2、 for Italy did I realize how much I loved them. Only he is the right person for the job.2、否定或半否定意义的副词、连词或介词短语在句首，部分倒装 Little did he realize that we were watching his every move. Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition. Never shall I forget the past bitter days. Seldom have
3、I felt so lonely now. No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go. Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tire. By no means should we look down upon the people who are inferior to us.Eg:not onlybut also, 当not only位于句首，其引导的分句部分倒装。Not only did they take away everything he had but
4、also his German citizenship.not until 引导的从句放在句首，主句部分倒装Not until you had shown me how to do it did I manage to do it.neithernor，neither 和 nor在其引导的分句句首时，两个分句都部分倒装Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.3、频度副词在句首(often, frequently, always, many, times)，部分倒装 Rarely did a debate attra
5、ct so much media attention. Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.4 So开头的句子（肯定句），说某人某事与前边提到过的相同时，部分倒装 -My room gets very cold at night. -So does mine.5 neither, nor开头的句子（否定句）说某人某事与前边提到过的相同时，部分倒装 If Joes wife wont go to the party, neither will he. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the repor
6、t by Jason, and neither was I.(上面的两种句式都可用So it is / was with sb./sth.来替换)6、sothat; suchthat句型，若把so或such及其所修饰的部分放在句首，主句部分倒 装，that引导的结果状语从句语序正常。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. Such rapid progress did the boy get that his father gave his permission to travel.二、完全倒装1、表地点或方位的副词、介
7、词、介词短语放在句首时，完全倒装* “there be”句型实际上是完全倒装。主语在be后。 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动 词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。 * There is a box on the table.* There came shouts for help from the river.* There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.* Many years ago t
8、here lived an old man in the wooden house.* in, out, back, up, down, off, away, here, there等词在句首，完全倒装。 (但若主语为人称代词，不倒装) South of the city lies a big steel factory. Nearby were two chemical works. Inside the garden grow a variety of flowers. Look! Here comes the bus. Oh, here it comes. Listen! There g
9、oes the bell. Oh, there it goes. Just then the door opened and in came a woman. Hearing his names called, out he rushed.2、now, then, thus开头的一些固定句型，完全倒装 Now comes your turn to answer the question. The Anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. Then followed Chinas Liberation War. Thus began the reform.3、表语位于句首
10、时，完全倒装（表语+系动词+主语） Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Gone are the days1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。e.g. There is a box on the table.There came shouts for help
11、from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.3. 在here， there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）e.g. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you.There she comes.Ex：There _. And here _.A. goes the phone;
12、 she comesB. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she4. 重复倒装句型，用在以so， nor， neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor， neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g. I am watching TV. So is she. My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither （Nor
13、） did I.She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.You passed the exam. So did I.He doesnt like shopping. Neither do i.He cant speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withHis uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for m
14、ore than ten years. So it is with his aunt.Ex：1)I dont know how to swim, _.A. and my sister doesnt neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either2)Shes passed the test. _. A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have5. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g.
15、Very well， said the French student. Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea， please. said he.6. 在以hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, few，seldom, no sooner(than), not until, no where等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g. Little did he say at the meeting. Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.Hardly(Scarcely) had he reached the station when the train started.Not once did we visit the city of our own.Se
