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1、HOW TO WRITE A TITLE AND AN ABSTRACT OF A MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER如何撰写英文医学论文的题名和摘要如何撰写英文医学论文的题名和摘要Harry Hua-Xiang Xia, M. Med, Ph. D夏华向Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongWhat is a TitleIsaac Watts (1674-1748) an English poet and hymn writer When I can read my title clear, To mansions i
2、n the skies, Ill bid farewell to every fear, And wipe my weeping eyes. Definition A label or a name A good title The fewest possible words that adequately describe the content of the paperWhat is a Title Words Specific, familiar and shortSyntax Most of the grammatical errors are due to faulty word o
3、rder Abbreviations and jargon Should NEVER contain abbreviations, chemical formulas, proprietary (rather than generic) names, jargon and the like Type of titles Straightforward, recommended Sentence, not used whenever possible Hanging title, not used whenever possible Title-subtitle (series title) a
4、rrangement, not recommended How to Prepare the TitleWhat is an AbstractWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616) an English-speaking playwrights This is the short and long of it. Definition A summary of the information in a document A well-prepared abstract enables readers To identify the basic content of a d
5、ocument quickly and accurately To determine its relevance to their interests To decide whether they need to read the whole documentWhat is an Abstract Informational abstracts （报道性） Used in primary journals, and often without changes in the secondary services Designated to capsulize the paper State b
6、riefly the problem, the method, and the principal data and conclusion Supplant reading of the full paper Indicative abstracts（指示性） Used other types of publications such as review papers, conference reports, government report literature, etc Designated to indicate the content of a paper Can seldom se
7、rve as a substitute for the full paper Of great value to reference librariansType of Abstracts Write paper before the abstract Should be self-contained as it will be published by itself Should State the principal objectives and scope of the investigation Describe the methodology employed Summarize t
8、he results State principal conclusionHow to Prepare the AbstractHow to Prepare the Abstract The language should be familiar to the potential readers Write concisely If you can tell the story in 100 words, dont use 200 250 words in most journals Figures, tables or references must NOT be included Obsc
9、ure abbreviations should be avoided Should NEVER give any information or conclusion that is NOT stated in the main textTypical Examples of Inappropriate Titles of Articles Published in Journals Too short, non-specific Action of Helicobacter pylori Action of Helicobacter pylori on gastric mucosa Effe
10、ct of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial proliferation and apoptosis Too long, redundant words On the addition to the method of microscopic research by a new way of producing colour-contrast between an object and its background or between definite parts of the object itself (Microsco. Sco 189
11、6:373). Improved colour-contrast between an object and its background or between definite parts of the object itselfTypical Examples of Inappropriate Titles Wasted words A study (investigation, experiment or observations) on the effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial proliferation and a
12、poptosis Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial proliferation and apoptosis Poor word order Mechanism of peptic ulcer disease in mice induced by Helicobacter pylori infection Mechanism of peptic ulcer disease induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in mice Helicobacter pylori infection
13、 in children resulting from oral-oral transmission Helicobacter pylori infection resulting from oral-oral transmission in children Poor grammar Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from ferrets using a modified chocolate agar medium Isolation of Helicobacter pylori from ferrets with (by using) a modifie
14、d chocolate agar medium Characterization of Helicobacter pylori strains producing cytotoxin VacA by a DNA fingerprinting technique Characterization, by a DNA fingerprinting technique, of Helicobacter pylori strains producing cytotoxin VacATypical Examples of Inappropriate Titles Abbreviations Treatm
15、ent of Helicobacter pylori with PPI-based triple therapies Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies Proprietary names or Jargons Inhibition of gastric acid by Losec and Nexium Inhibition of gastric acid by omeprazole and esomeprazoleTypical Mistakes/Errors i
16、n an Abstract Lack of specific aims (objectives) Lack of descriptions of methods Either too brief or too detailed results Lack of a concrete conclusion Other weaknesses mentioned in the typicalexamples of inappropriate titles Writing, reviewing and editing experience Up to 150 original and review articles published in English journals Review
