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1、目 录 Contents,A.题型全突破,B.考情全揭秘,考点1,考点2,考点3,题型全突破,继续学习,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,A.题型概述 主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容,是全文的核心,是作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。 主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章主旨大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语:subject, topic, theme, title, main idea等。 主旨大意题的设问特点可以大致归纳为以下两个: 1.就全文或某段的中心思想或主题提问。 2
2、.就文章的标题提问。,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,B.选项特点 1.正确选项的特点 (1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词。 (2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。 2.干扰项的特点 (1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄,只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。 (2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容,或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 (3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大,超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 (4)似是而非。关键词好像在文章中提到了,但认真分析之后会发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。 (5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的
3、特征放在B上。,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,C.解题方法与步骤 做这类题时常用略读法。略读法是抓段落要点的捷径。找出各个段落的主题句,然后把它们联系起来就很容易概括出文章的中心。 文章的标题是中心思想最精练的表达,标题要能概括文章的主题,范围既不能过大也不能太片面。此外,在选择文章标题时,还应注意语言方面的特点:精练、醒目、含义深刻等。 做题时要注意以下步骤: 1.先看问题,看题目是否和主旨、标题相关。 2.略读各个段落,找出主题句,要特别注意首尾两段。 3.联系主题句,概括主旨或标题。,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,方法1 精确归纳标题的方法 1.归纳标题类题目
4、的常见设问形式 Which is the best title for this passage? Which of the following can be the best title for this passage? The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is . The most suitable title of this passage is . What would be the most suitable title for the text? The suitable headline of this p
5、assage may be . 2.做题方法 (1)要想成功解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随意改变文章的内容方向及要点信息。,考点一,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,(2)选定标题的基本原则 要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。 看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。 注意避免下列三种错误: a.概括不够(多表现为以部分代替整体,从而导致范围太小); b.过度概括(多表现为人为地扩大范围); c.以具体细节代替主旨大意。 (3)选定标题的四大标准: 精概括文章中心思想的语言要精练
6、。 准注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。 统标题要能统领文章的细节信息。 新标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,典例1 2016上海,C Enough “meaningless drivel”. Thats the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data. The Hous
7、e of Commons Science and Technology Committees report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions. “The terms and conditions
8、statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,“ says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accur
9、ate reflection of the original.,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice,“ says Miller. Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark
10、? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,“ says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.“ But what would happen in practice is another matter, h
11、e says. Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still dont know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on
12、social media that come back and bite them in 20 years time,“ he says.,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we dont know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of pers
13、onal information have become valuable only recently, he says. The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people dont expect, even if users have apparently given permission, show that the current situation isnt working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and
14、 conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.,返回目录,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Say no to social media? B. New security rules in operation! C. Accept without reading? D. Administration matters! 解析 标题归纳题。现在的网站中或者社交媒体软件中,我们在注册用户名或安装的时候,总会有一些合同或条约让我们签署。很多人从来都没有详细阅读这些合同条款就签名了。文章就此话题展开讨论,作者提出我们应该仔细阅读条款内容,然后再签名。故C项“Accept without reading? 未阅读就接受“符合文章中心思想。其余三项与文章内容不贴切。 答案 C,高考帮英语 阅读理解 主旨大题意,继续学习,方法2 概括文章大意的方法 1.文章大意类题目
