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1、名词性从句,考点 1. 引导词 that 与 what；that 与 whether；if 与whether；what 与 how等的区别； 2. 名词性从句的时态和语序问题； 3. 名词性从句的语气问题； 4. 同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别。,定义 在句子中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句。,分类,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,功 能 相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类。,引导名词性从句的连接词,引导主语从句不可省略的连词： 1.介词后的连词 2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
2、,主语从句 在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。,引导主语从句的关联词有三类: （1）从属连词 that(不充当句子成分,没有词汇意义) That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. whether “是否”(不能使用if) Whether he will come here is
3、 not clear.,(2)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever , whatever, whichever whoever=anyone who whatever=anything that whichever=anythat Who will give the speech is not known yet. Who the prize will be given to is not decided yet.,(3)连接副词 where, when, how, why. Where the meeting will be held dep
4、ends on the weather. When they are leaving is being discussed.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： It +be +形容词 (obvious, true , natural, surprising ,good , wonderful ,funny , possible , likely, certain ,probable, etc ) + that It is probable that he told her everything
5、. It + be +名词词组 (no wonder ,an honour, a good thing ,a pity, no surprise, etc ) + that It is no surprise that our team should have won the game ., It +be +过去分词(said ,reported ,thought ,expected , decided , announced ,arranged ,suggested ) + that It is announced in todays newspaper that Bush will pay
6、 a visit to China next week . It + seems/appears , happens 等不及物动词及短语+ that It happened that I was out that day .,It doesnt matter ( makes no differences, etc) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 It makes no differences where we shall have the meeting . 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时, 用it 作形式主语. How strange it is that they are so qui
7、et！,注意: 单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary /Its important/Its natural (strange, etc.) that ,whether与if均为“是否”，但下列情况下只用whether ： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear. 2. 引导表语从句 The questi
8、on is whether hell come. 3. whether从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win. 4. 从句后有“or not” Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it.,表语从名 在另外一个句子中作表语的句子叫表语从名。 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为： 主语 + 系动词 + that从句 例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. Th
9、is is where our problem lies.,宾语从句 在另一个句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 例如：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.,由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will
10、go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意：demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+ 动词原形”。,用whether或if引导的宾语从句 whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether。介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。t
11、hat也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。,宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响： (1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。例如： I know that he studied English last term. (2)如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动词只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。例如： We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.,(3)当从句表示的是客观真理
12、、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 例如： The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.,否定转移 当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中称为否定的转移。例如： We dont believe that he will win the game.,同位语从句 在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。例如：The fact that
13、she is ill should be considered. 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how。连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。 例如：I have no idea when she will be back.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分
14、，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 例如： I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句,不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of the life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,名词性从句中的虚拟 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, dec
15、ide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve 等后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。,主语从句中的虚拟语气 基本句型： a. It is suggested/ ordered / proposed / required / demanded / requested / insisted + (should) do b. It is important / necessary / natural / desirable / strange / advisable / imperative that+ (should) do c.It is a pity /
16、 a shame / no wonder that + (should) do,表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 例如：My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.,名词性从句规律总结 规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。 在名词性从句中，关联词在从句之首，其他部分应用 陈述句 的语序。,规律二：从句是陈述句转化而来的，不缺成分，不含有疑问意义。由that 引导且that连词在从句中不作成分。主语从句,同谓语从句,表语从句中that不可以省略,在宾语从句中that 常可省略 例如：That he will come and help us is certain.,规律三：从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义,
