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1、成都少年时教育 劝君莫惜金缕衣 劝君惜取少年时周末重难点 现在完成时的讲解和练习题一、 构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词+其他否定式:主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他。疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)二、 用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（
2、从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：副词的位置：just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has主语ever 过去分词？“曾经过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经
3、历。 Have you ever been to the farm？before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：for表示一段时间的词语 I have
4、taught English for 19 years。since表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this schoolsince 1986.since表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.since一段时间ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，
5、keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:1、borrow / lendkeep, 2、buyhave, 3、finish / endbe over, 4、begin / startbe on 5、openbe open 6、 closebe closed, 7、diebe dead8、arrive /come / g
6、o / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there,9、leavebe away（from） 10、go to schoolbe in school / be a student, 11、get upbe up, 12、fall asleepbe asleep 13、fall illbe ill 14、get to knowknow, 15、losebe lost 16、becomebe 17、begin to studystudy,18、return / come back / get backbe back 19、joinbe in
7、/ be amember,20、join the armybe in the army /be a soldier 21、receive / get a letterhave a letter 22、 catch / get a coldhave a coldEg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.Hehas been a soldier for three years / since thre
8、e years ago.四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to和have gone to的区have been to强调“曾经去过”，现已不在那里，已经回来了have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。2. have been to和have been in的区别have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语练习题I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ al
9、ready _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7.
10、 How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey
11、_ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. ( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know ( )2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . alr
12、eady .never .ever . still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good
13、 . has changed ; better . changed ; better ( )6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying ( )7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go
