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1、同位语从句考点揭秘湖北省洪湖市第二高级中学张冬英在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。考点之一、同位语从句在句中的位置1、一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message 等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。 例如：The news that our women volleyball
2、 team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。2、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。考点之二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word 除外）加以修饰。例如：Give me y
3、our promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于 2003 年 10 月 15 日首次成功发射了载人飞船。考点之三、同位语从句的连接词1、连词 that，whether 引导同位语从句。例如：The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wron
4、g.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 注意 1：在 suggestion，advice，request，order 等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的 should 可以省略。例如：Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the co
5、mputer.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。注意 2：引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略。例如：Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。注意 3：whether 可引导同位语从句，但 if 不能引导同位语从句。例如：He must ans
6、wer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。2、连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 引导的同位语从句。例如：I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。3、连接副词 when, where, how, why 引导的同位语从句。例如：It is a
7、question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。考点之四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, fear, fe
8、eling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, question, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, situation, suggestion, theory, thought, treat, warning, wish, words(消息)等等。例如：How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor
9、didnt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的? I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在干什么。He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。注意：在名词 doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用 whether 连接；在 no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用 that 连接。例如：We have some doubt whether they can complete the
10、task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。考点之五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是 idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order 等有一定内涵的名词。 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词, 代词, 主句的一部分或是整个主句。例如:The ne
11、ws that l have passed the exam is true我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句）We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句，代词 which 作主语，前面整个主句 our team has won the game 作先行词)His mother did all sh
12、e could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。(定语从句，代词 all 作先行词)、从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。例如：The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明 news 到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是
13、真的。(定语从句，news 在从句中作 told 的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him veryrich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise 到底是一个什么诺言)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句，promise 在从句中作 pleased 的主语)、从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如 how, whether, what
14、可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。例如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事。 (同位语从句)引导词 that 引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which 代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略。that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用 which 来代替。例如: The idea that computer
15、s can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that 在从句中不充当任何成份)The idea that he gave surprises many people他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。(that 在从句中作 gave 的宾语)例 1：We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. (2009 重庆)A. that B. when
16、 C. which D. where解析：A. 名词 request 后的同位语从句句子结构完整，不缺任何成分，故选 A 项。例 2：That fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009 江西)A. what B. which C. that D. though解析：C. 该题同位语从句结构完整，故选 C 项。且属于分隔式同位语从句。语法跟踪练习湖北洪湖 王爱民同位语从句考点揭秘配套练习一、单项填空1. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (2006 天津)A. that B. which C. until D. if2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the cla
