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1、1高考非谓语动词考点浅析及四步解法非谓语动词在历年高考中都占有比较重要的地位，是每年的必考知识点。对于非谓语动词，我们在平时的教学过程中要重点掌握的是什么呢？笔者经过对近年高考的分析，总结了以下一些主要的方面：一、辨明非谓语动词的基本形式。如下表：二、理解非谓语动词在句中的成份英语的七种句子成分中，非谓语动词在句中可以做除谓语动词之外的所有成分。如：1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.（动词不定式做主语）2.Iwanttoseeyou.（动词不定式做宾语）3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.（动词不定式做宾语补语）4.Myhopeistoseeyou.（动词不
2、定式做表语）5.Heisthemantoseeyou.（动词不定式做定语）6.Iamgladtoseeyou.（动词不定式做状语）7.AmazedbythebeautifulsceneryattheCopacabanaBeach,hedecidedtocomeagainthefollowingyear.8.KnownasCarnival,thefestivalattractsvisitorsfromallovertheworld.（过去分词做状语）9.Doingnothingisdoingill.（动名词做主语、表语）10.Slowdownforchildrencrossingthestree
3、t.（动名词做定语）11.Whenyouhangwetclothesnearafire,youwillseestreamrisingfromthem.（动名词做宾语补语）12.NowknowingmuchEnglish,Ifoundithardtounderstandthem.（动名词做状语）13.Babiesliketearingpaperintopieces.（动名词做宾语）三、了解一些基本用法1.非谓语动词表时间：ing 表进行，ed 表完成，todo 表将来。(1).Chinaisadevelopingcountry.（发展中国家）(2).Japanisadevelopedcountr
4、y.（发达国家）(3).Ifoundhimgone.（已经走了）(4).Hewenttheretoseehisfather.（要去看他父亲）*过去分词作状语，主从句动作时间不分先后；现在分词的被动式做状语，主从句动作同时发生；现在分词的完成式做状语，从先主后。由此知道，非谓语动词的时间关系，是指它与谓语动词相对而言。(1).UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.（表状态，不分先后）(2).Beingusedbymenow,thebikecantbelenttoyou.（表进行，与谓语动词的动作同时发生）(3).Havingbeenus
5、edformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.（表完成，先于谓语动词的动作）2.非谓语动词表语态：todo、ing 表主动；ed 表被动。判断语态一般是判断2非谓语动词和中心词之间的关系。(1).Isawhimwritingashortnovel.（hewrites）(2).HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.（towriteanovel）3.非谓语动词表概念:ing 表抽象、习惯；todo 表具体、偶然、将来。SwimmingismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimmingeveryday,but
6、Idontliketoswimtoday.Iwouldliketoswimtomorrow.本句中第一个 swimming 做主语，表示抽象概念；第二个 swimming 做主语，表习惯动作；第一个 toswim 做宾语，表具体概念；第二个 toswim 做宾语，表将来。四、注意一些习惯结构1.get,set,send,leave,catch,find,keep,spend,waste,scoldsb./sth.doingsth.(1).Icaughtthethiefstealingsomethingvaluablefromtheshop.(2).Wefounddozensoftreeslyi
7、ngacrosstheroad.(3).Dontwastetimemourningme,organize.(4).Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.(5).Canyougettheoldcargoingagain?(6).Thebossscriticismlefthimfeelingratherabashed.(7).Theexplosionsentusrunninginalldirections.(8).Whathesaidsetmethinkingdeeply.2.admit,avoid,appreciate,depend,enjoy,escape,exc
8、use,face,fancy,imagine,favour,finish,deny,include,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practise,prevent,risk,delay,suggest,report,bebusy,beworth,complete,stand,putoffdoingsth.(1).Somepeopleenjoyreadingadvertisementsinmagazines.(2).Weallmissedseeingthefilmbecauseofthebadweather.(3).HesuggestedpractisingspeakingEngl
9、ishinandoutofclass.(4).Theknowledgeisworthstudyinginmodernsociety.(5).Excusemenothavingansweredyourletterbefore.(6).Hewassoluckythatheescapedbeinghurt.(7).Thewindfavoredtheirsailingatdawn.(8).Hedeniedknowinganythingaboutit.3.afford,agree,care,demand,determine,expect,fail,long,appear,seem,hope,happen
10、,choose,prepare,promise,plan,decide,pretend,refuse,manage,arrange,offer,swear,wish,attempt,aim,prove,hesitate,desire,should/wouldlike,love,hatetodosth.(1).HepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.(2).Theyseektoreducewaste.(3).TheydecidedtomovetoNewYorkwithouthesitation.(4).Heofferedtodriveustothestation,b
11、utwepreferredtowalkthere.(5).Onlywealthypeoplecouldaffordtobetreatedwithitintheoldsociety.(6).Beforetheyfledthecountry,theenemyattemptedtodestroythefactories.(7).Wearrangedwithhimtomeethimatthehotelatoneoclock.3(8).Theyallexpecttosettledowninthedistantcountryside.(9).Weshouldliketohearyourviewsabout
12、theaccident.(10).Herefusedtotakeanymoney.(11).WhenhecameIhappenedtobeout.4.ask,beg,invite,force,get,desire,expect,command,order,cause,teach,tell,persuade,warn,remind,require,want,wish,request+sb.todosth.(1).GeneralLicommandedhissoldierstomarchon.(2).IpersuadedhimtogiveupsmokingandIsucceeded.(3).Theo
13、ldmanwarnedhisdaughternottodriveafterdrinking.(4).Theyrequiredmenottoletoutthesecret.(5).Thepollutioncausesthebirdstodieout.5.have,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel,help+sb.dosth.(1).Nowletushearherplaythepiano.(2).Didyounoticethethieftakethetreasureaway?(3).Hehadhimstandwi
14、thhisbacktohisfather.(4).Thiswillhelphim(to)improvehisworkingmethod.(5).Nothingcanmakemeturnagainstmycountry.(6).Shelistenedtohimsingthepopularsong.注意：当用作被动语态时，省略的 to 要恢复过来。如上句要改成被动语态应为：Hewaslistenedtotosingthepopularsong.五、区分动词不定式与动名词作宾语的意义动词不定式表将要、具体、偶然、全过程，动名词表已经、进行、部分、一般。如：1.Youmustremembertotel
15、lmeastorytomorrow.（记住要讲，还未讲）Canyouremembertellingmethestorylastyear?（记得讲过，已讲）2.IwillneverforgetseeingtheGreatWallbefore.（忘记看过）IwassobusythatIforgottoseetheGreatWalllastweek.（忘了去看，没看）3.Heregrettedtosaythathecouldntstayhereanymore.（很遗憾地要做某事）Heregrettedbuyingthesebooksfromthebookstore.（后悔做过什么事）4.Hetrie
16、dtosettletheproblem,buthefailed.（努力、试图做，以做成为目标）Hetriesusinganotherwaytosettletheproblem,ifthiswaycantdo.（尝试做）5.TheywentontodoExerciseTwoafterfinishingExerciseOne.（继续做另外一件事）Theywentondoingthesameexerciseafterashortrest.（继续做同一件事）6.IcouldnthelptofinishtheworkbecauseIwastoobusy.（不能帮忙做某事）IcouldnthelpfinishingtheworkwhenIsawhewastootired.（禁不住、忍不住做某事）针对以上非谓语动词的知识点和考查内容，笔者在教学过程中总结出了做非4谓语动词的四个步骤：考虑习惯搭配判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词判断句子成分区分语态时间（语态由中心语决定，时间由与谓语动词的时间关系决定）。第一步，不可忽略的是习惯搭配的考查。如
