《供应链管理-历史的反思与新挑战》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《供应链管理-历史的反思与新挑战（23页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、供应链管理 - 历史的反思与新挑战,IBM全球服务部 徐津,供应链管理,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,供应链管理 - 发展史,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,1900年以学术研究开始 - 农业产品 军事需求 教科书的出现 - 60年代初期 公司内部效率提高的最后一道战线 政府对运输行业的放权 70年代能源危机 经济全球一体化 IT - 供应链管理的新天地 竞争加强的必然结果 - 强者生存，产品替代效应增强 利润的挑战 - 节省$1 = ? D 时代的“疯狂”,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,供应链管理 - End-to-End,TM,Copyright I
2、BM 2002,SCM - 凝聚企业的竞争力,Wholesalers,Customers,Logistics,Suppliers,Manufacturing Plants,Supplier,Retailers,Logistics Providers,Wholesalers,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,SCM - 核心所在,买什么，从何买，什么价钱 而不是以最快的方式买错东西 生产什么, 何时生产，生产多少 而不是以最低的成本生产非需品 以统一的形象面对客户 而不是仅仅对单个流程自动化 以统一的形象面对供应商 而不是仅仅把每笔交易搬到网上,TM,Copyright IBM 200
3、2,SCM - 对企业的整体效应,收入,成本,流动资产,固定资产, 供应链效应 ,提高顾客服务 (i.e., 优化库存与货架数量比例, 更大的市场占有率, 更高的利润率),降低库存 缩短订单-现金周期,股东权益,利润,资产,降低有形资产 (i.e.卡车，仓库，物资操作机械等,以协作来降低销售成本，运输，仓储物流成本，采购成本,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,SCM 企业所面临的挑战,sell,内部优化，以达到：,提高顾客服务水平 提高供求透明度 采购成本 库存周转 优化商品分类 运用先进的销售技术（Internet,Kiosk,产品目录，网络电视） 以高效率的供应链竞争,TM,Co
4、pyright IBM 2002,SCM - 量化的效益,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,GMROI - 纯利润回收率,sales,GMROI,顾客服务,产出,计划周期,运作成本,销售额,销售成本,平均库存成本,库存,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,SCM - 对症下药,For the Retail Industry, Inventory Management Modules would replace Production Scheduling,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,供应链管理的应用在跨行业的比较,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,SC
5、M - 最佳应用 I,一般,创意,前沿,优秀应用,Vendor-managed and co-owned inventory Inventory owned by the supplier or co-owned by the retailer and supplier Implementation of centrally-managed (within store) electronic shelf tags,Scan-based trading for fast- and slow-moving items Requires cashiers to accurately scan or
6、enter each item Inventory and ordering functions tied directly to the point-of-sale (perpetual inventory) Items are registered and re-ordered when the cashier scans an item Requires accurate scanning for proper SKU ordering Online private label product production synchronization for vertically integ
7、rated retailers,Store-specific inventory based on location, market characteristics, and area demographics Inventory and ordering functions tied directly to consumer self-scan shelf take-away Provides out of stock alerts and/or automatically re-orders items Automated private-label product planning an
8、d sourcing (requires intelligent systems),VMI 电子货架条,SBT（scan based trading） 即时库存 同步生产 - 本店品牌,因店而异库存 即时库存 自动生产计划 -本店品牌,细节,库存管理,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,Scan-based trading benefits both retailers & suppliers by streamlining the delivery of DSD products,DSD supplier delivers inventory to a store,Consumer
9、brings items to the cash register and the cashier scans items,At the end of the billing cycle, the retailer pays the supplier based on actual units sold,Supplier Accounts Receivable,Retailer Accounts Payable,Delivery personnel bypass the traditional process of checking-in inventory and instead go di
10、rectly to store shelves for stocking,When DSD item is scanned, the relevant product information is transmitted to the supplier and retailer systems,1,2,3,4,5,Commitment from suppliers to support broad-based usage Deployment of standards-based point-of-sale technology capable of communicating with su
11、ppliers,Reduced delivery time (20-25 minutes saved per delivery) Reduced stock-outs and increased sales (up by 3%-5% per supplier) Improved pricing accuracy Re-allocation of store personnel from check-in to in-store merchandising activities Improved promotional flow through Reduced invoice deduction
12、s (declined by 70%),Users2 Retailers: H.E. Butt, Schnuck Market, Andronicos Manufacturers: Frito-Lay, Nabisco, Pepperidge Farms, Hallmark, Anheuser-Busch Vendors Vialink (SyncLink),Success Factors,Key Results & Metrics1,Sample Users/Vendors,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,SCM - 最佳应用 II,一般,创意,前沿,Utilization of
13、 SKU-level electronic inventory management systems Includes pallet tracking throughout the distribution center,Fully integrated and operational warehouse management systems (WMS) that automate distribution centers and allow for complex functions such as flow through and cross-docking Shared distribu
14、tion centers for retailers offering multiple store formats (e.g., Wal-Mart with Superstores, Neighborhood Markets, and Sams Club stores) Reverse logistics management integrated into warehouse systems to automate returns processes,Market-level shared distribution assets for consumer packaged goods co
15、mpanies (CPG) and retailers where warehouses and trucks serve area stores from competing and complementing retailers Warehouse network strategies where market-level “mega” warehouse are built for chain-wide items complemented by regional distribution centers that serve faster moving and perishable i
16、tems Utilize systems that count ergonomic wear and tear on each warehouse employee by individual task, dynamically balancing new task assignment to reduce the risk of injury,物流中心管理,Leading Practices,电子库存管理,仓储管理 共享仓库 自动反向物流,区域共享仓库 仓库网络战略 劳保有益型工作管理,Detail,TM,Copyright IBM 2002,Centralized Warehouse Management System,Ability to cross-dock shipments from central facility with perishable goods at regional centers Availability of trucks to haul sh
