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1、Peer-to-peer Knowledge Management,Propose the idea of P2P knowledge management What does P2P mean? How can peer-to-peer help KM? Discuss problems with P2P KM Free-ride Issue and incentive design Impact of technology on organizational exchange network,Nov 14, 2001,1,De Liu, CREC,What does Peer-to-Pee
2、r mean?,Participating computers are both clients and servers. Three kinds of P2P applications P2P information sharing (Napster; FreeNet) distributed resources and/or peer-to-peer routing P2P Collaboration/Communication (groove; ICQ) Distributed computing (SETIhome) Coordinate multiple computers for
3、complex tasks,Nov 14, 2001,2,De Liu, CREC,More Features of P2P information sharing,Information available at certain time is the sum of the information content each node shares. Nodes can easily join or quit. Make use of under-utilized resources It usually create some redundancy to reduce the impact
4、of single node failure. Load-balancing mechanism.,Nov 14, 2001,3,De Liu, CREC,Drawbacks of P2P information sharing,Anonymous v.s. Copyright Redundancy v.s. Up-to-date Quality of Service Search Efficiency Free-Ride! Nearly 70% of Gnutella users share no files, nearly 50% of all responses are returned
5、 by the top 1% of sharing hosts. We argue that free riding leads to degradation of the system performance and adds vulnerability to the system. If this trend continues copyright issues might become moot compared to the possible collapse of such systems. (Adar and Huberman 2000, Free Riding on Guttel
6、a),Nov 14, 2001,4,De Liu, CREC,Why we propose P2P KM,P2P technology fit well with KM objectives Unlock “hidden” organization knowledge Enhance interactions through “push” & “pull” Foster knowledge sharing communities Contribute to propagation of tacit knowledge Tolerate fuzzy knowledge and different
7、 points of view We expect free-riding issue can be better handled within organization context. Other desirable features: flexible, robust, secure, cost efficiency (?),Nov 14, 2001,5,De Liu, CREC,So what is P2P KM?,two components: P2P information sharing component explicit knowledge transfer Notifica
8、tion of update and new release (“push”) Access control Content-based addressing P2P collaboration component implicit knowledge transfer Multiple channels (text, multi-media) Real-time collaboration and non-real time collaboration P2P KM and centralized effort of knowledge management,Nov 14, 2001,6,D
9、e Liu, CREC,Potential problems of P2P KM,Quality of knowledge Lack of consistency Free-rider problem Knowledge is often treated as public good. Its rational for self-interest agents to consume public good without contributing (free ride). Consequently some socially desirable good is not provided by
10、agents due to inadequate compensation. This under-provision of public good problem may eventually defeat the P2P knowledge management system.,Nov 14, 2001,7,De Liu, CREC,Related IS/Mgmt Literature,Most research in IS/Mgmt try to ask a question: “what are reasons for knowledge sharing” Altruism (cons
11、tant et al 94, Palfrey and Prisbrey 1997, Davenport and Prusak 1998) etc (Kellock 1999),Nov 14, 2001,8,De Liu, CREC,Related Economics Literature,Knowledge and Knowledge exchange Value of knowledge is difficult to measure or verify; Value of knowledge may be different for different agents Value of kn
12、owledge may involves some uncertainty. Knowledge exchange is often embedded and affected by social networks. So, unlike other more tangible goods, there is lack of a price system (market) or complete contract form for knowledge.,Nov 14, 2001,9,De Liu, CREC,Related Economics Literature,Wage schedules
13、 that encourage team production collaboration. (Multi-Agent: Che Itoh 1991) Either the task itself can be rewarded or the marginal opportunity cost for the task can be lowered by removing or reducing the incentives on competing tasks.,Nov 14, 2001,10,De Liu, CREC,Network (Jackson Kranton 1996, 1999, 2000) What kind of network structure is optimal? (P2P? Star?) Can agents form efficient network? Questions and Suggestions? De.liumail.utexas.edu,Nov 14, 2001,11,De Liu, CREC,
