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1、2002MBA备考-商务英语重点词汇补充A business , company, or firm is an organization that sells goods or services. A business may also be referred to formally as a concern. Business is the production, buying, and selling of goods and services.A business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize i
2、ts adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.Business is also referred to as commerce. This word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the b
3、usiness sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.注释：Business 商业；生意；公司Company 公司；商号Firm (合伙的)商号；商行Concern 康采恩（垄断企业形式之一）Commerce 商业； 商务Commercial 商业的；商务的；商用的Enterprise 企事业单位Free Enterprise 自由企业Private Enterprise 私人企业From multinational
4、s to small firms 从跨国公司到小型企业Large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the United States. Corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. Large companies operating in many countries a
5、re multinationals.Big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. Small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.Unlike some languages, English does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart
6、 from this rather clumsy expression.注释：Corporation 大公司；股份有限公司Corporate 法人；团体Multinational 跨国的；多国的Big business 大型企业；大公司Small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司Small business 小公司Small firm 小公司Industries and sectors 工业及其部门Businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example
7、construction, oil, banking, food.Sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of bu
8、siness in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.注释：Industry 工业；产业Sector 部门；部分Public sector 公共部门Private sector 私营部门manufacturing sector 制造部门Service sector 服务部门Public sector and private 公共部门和私营部门When a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is
9、nationalized in a process of nationalization. A nationalized company is state-owned. When the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. This is privatization.The first to be sold off in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the public su
10、pply of electricity, water and gas: the utilities.注释：Nationalized 国有化的Nationalization 国有化Privatized 私有化的Privatization 私有化State-owned 国有的Sell off 廉价出清Sell-off 廉价出售；抛售Utilities 公用事业；公用事业部门Stakes 份额；股份If Company A owns shares or equity in Company B, A has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in B.
11、 If A owns less than half the shares in B, it has a minority stake in B.If A owns more than half the shares in B, it has a majority stake or controlling stake in B. If you have shares in a company you are a shareholder.注释：Shares/stake 份额；股份Equity 股份；产权；普通股票Holding 持有；股票额Shareholding 持有股票数Shareholder
12、 股东Hold a stake 持有份额Majority stake 大股东（50%以上）Controlling stake 大股东Minority stake 小股东Parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司A holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. If it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the subsidiary is a wholly-owned one.A holding companys relati
13、onship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of sister companies. A holding and its subsidiaries form a group.A conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different companies in different businesses. Journalists also refer to large gr
14、oups as giants. 注释：Holding company 控股公司Subsidiary 子公司Wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司Parent company 母公司Sister company 姐妹公司Group 集团公司Conglomerate 联合大企业Giant 大企业；企业巨人（新闻用语）Predators, raiders, and white knights 掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者The takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a
15、company or individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the target company as the prey. Predators are also referred to as raiders or corporate raiders.A company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken over has a number of options. It may devise plans that give existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company, or holding on to an unattractive one. Actions like these are poison pills.Or it may persuad
