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1、1,Chapter 2,Overview of Transportation & Ocean shipping,2,Key words and terms,Transportation modes 运输方式 Road transport /rail transport /air transport/water transport/ pipeline Intermodal transportation 多式联运 Intermodal transport operator 多式联运经营人 Intermodal service 联运服务 Trucking 卡车运输 maritime transpor
2、t 海洋运输,3,Introduction,Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a place of orign to a place of consumption. It can involve raw materials being brought into the production process or finished goods being shipped to the customer.,4,Introduction,Transportation encompass five types, o
3、r modes: water, air, road, rail and pipeline Maritime shipping Maritime Freight,Cargo ships,Shipping Service,5,Transportation Mode Highlights,6,Economical compared with trucking, especially over long distances (cost-effective) Can be rapid, especially over long distances Good for large volume Hauls
4、mainly coal, grain, fertilizer, mineral, lumber, autos, containers,Rail,7,Disadvantages,The major disadvantages of railway are the inherent inflexibility of operation,fixed time schedules and marshalling,and service from terminal to terminal.,8,Allows rapid movement of goods over short distance Allo
5、ws “just in time” deliveries Direct, flexible, can go anywhere roads are A door to door service Uses existing roadway infrastructure Trucking for goods movement, auto for passenger,Road,9,Disadvantages,With the development of road transportation,new types of problems,such as a significant growth of
6、fuel consumption,air pollution,traffic congestion and road accidents have emerged.,10,Air,Good for - Time sensitive materials - Mail - Lightweight material - Perishable - Valuable Short time cycle for infrastructure building Extremely rapid,flexible delivery Expensive Be easily influenced by heavy w
7、eather,11,Waterways,Includes rivers, lakes, canal, waterways, maritime shipping Move a large number of cargoes Good for bulk freight Low cost Low speed,12,Freight modal capacities,Why are these differences important to us?,13,Pipelines operate on a twenty-four-hour basis,seven days per week,fifty tw
8、o weeks per year.(continuous) intensive infrastructure investment Low cost Low pollution Mostly for goods such as petroleum,natural gas and coal(specific cargos) Inflexible carry one commodity from a location to another,Pipelines,14,Ranking Modes of Transportation,14 - 14,15,2 Ocean Shipping,Cargo t
9、ypes Ship Types Ocean Shipping service,16,General cargo ship 普通货船 Refrigerator ship 冷藏船 Container ship 集装箱船 Lash-lighter aboard ship/ barge carrying ship 载驳船 Oil tanker 油船 Chemical tanker 化学品船 Liner 班轮运输 Tramper 不定期货船 Charter on a time basis (time charter)定期租船 Charter on a voyage basis (voyage chart
10、er) 航次租船,17,Why ocean shipping,The continuously increasing demand for goods movement around the world The advantage of maritime transport Good for bulk freight Low cost good for long distance travel The renovation of maritime transport large carrying capacity, faster movement, fewer hands required,1
11、8,Cargo types,Bulk cargo Bulk cargo refers to freight,both dry or liquid,that is not packaged such as minerals(oil,coal,iron ore)and grains. Break-bulk cargo Break-bulk cargo refers to general cargo that has been packaged in some way with the use of bags,box or drums.,19,Ship Types (divided by funct
12、ions),Dry cargo ship Tanker,General cargo ship Refrigerator ship Container ship Lash-lighter aboard ship ( barge carrying vessel ),Oil tanker Chemical tanker Miscellaneous tanker,Conventional cargo ship Multi-purpose general cargo ship Specialized dry cargo ship,full container ship Semi-container sh
13、ip Roll on/ roll off container ship,20,Ship Types (divided by carried cargo types),Bulk carriers Bulk carriers are ships designed to carry specific commodities,and are differentiated into liquid bulk and dry bulk vessels. General cargo ships General cargo ships are vessels designed to carry non-bulk
14、 cargoes.Because of extremely slow loading and off-loading,21,Ship Types (divided by carried cargo types),these vessels have been replaced by container ships. Roll on-roll off vessels RORO vessels are designed to allow cars,trucks and train to be loaded directly on board.The largest are the car carr
15、iers that transport vehicles from assembly plants to the main markets.,22,Ships types (divided by the size of ships),According to the size of vessels, they can be divided into Ultra Large Crude Carriers“ (ULCCs) 极大型油轮of more than 300,000 dead weight tons (DWT); “Very Large Crude Carriers” (VLCCs) 超大
16、型油轮from 200,000 to 300,000 DWT; “Suezmax” tankers 苏伊士型油轮between 125,000 and 180,000 DWT; “Aframax” tanker非洲型油轮between 75,000 and 125,000 DWT; “Panamax” tankers巴拿马型油轮of around 50,000 DWT; “Handymax” 便利型油轮tankers of around 35,000 DWT; “Handy Size”轻型油轮 tankers of 20,000-30,000 DWT D.W.T.( deadweight ton) is referred to the carrying capacity in transportation.,23,Types of Ocean Shipping service,1. Liner 班轮运输 Liner offer shipping space, as common carriers, on ships opera
