太原科技大学华科学院毕业论文基于因子分析的百货业上市公司业绩评价摘 要上市公司的经营业绩将直接影响到投资者投资决策的风险大小以及收益水平，因此对于上市公司的经营业绩和综合实力有一个全面的认知，对于广大投资者来说具有重要的意义，对经营者而言，对经营业绩的整体认知在以后的经营中也有很大的帮助本文在对百货行业的历史回顾和现状了解的基础上，对百货行业32家上市公司五年的财务数据，采用因子分析的方法，选取了22个具有代表性的财务指标，提取了九个具有一定含义的因子进行了综合的分析，得出盈利能力对综合经营业绩的影响较大要提高盈利能力可以增加自营的比例，改善服务的质量，实施连锁化经营来降低风险，各因子综合考虑，综合提高经营业绩关键词： 百货业；业绩评价；因子分析 Abstract The operational performance has direct influence on the investment risk and earning level of the investment decision of the investors, therefore people must have a comprehensive recognition of the operational performance and comprehensive strength of the listed companies, which possesses important significance for the vast investors. It is also helpful for managers to overall recognize operating performance in management in the future .This paper on the basis of recognition of historic review and present situation of department store and use the method of factor analysis to select 22 representative financial index on the basis of five year’s financial data of 32 listed companies and then select nine connotative factor to analysis comprehensively, and thus conclude that profitability have a bigger effect on comprehensive operating performance.Improving profitability can increase the proportion of self-operation and improve the quality of service, implementing Chain Operation to reduce risk and take all factors into consideration to increase operating performance.Keywords： department store；performance evaluation；factor analysis目 录1 引言······························································································11.1 研究的背景和意义············································································11.2 文献综述·······················································································11.3 论文结构·······················································································32 关于百货业······················································································42.1 百货业的定义·················································································42.2 百货业的发展历史············································································42.3 百货业的行业特点············································································52.4 百货业的经营现状············································································53 研究的范围及研究的方法······································································73.1 研究的范围····················································································73.2 因子分析法····················································································74 实证分析·························································································84.1 指标的选择和数据的来源····································································84.2 数据的处理···················································································104.3 可行性检验···················································································104.4 因子的提取及命名···········································································104.5 计算因子得分及综合得分···································································135 分析评价·······················································································256 建议·····························································································296.1 盈利模式·····················································································296.2 连锁经营·····················································································30结论································································································32参考文献···························································································33致谢·········································································341 引言自第一家百货业开业以来，国内外的百货业都经历了风风雨雨的历程。
有过辉煌的年代，也有过低糜的时期目前百货业的发展状况是，有正在积极实施资本扩张战略扩张自己领土的，有被兼并重组的，有涉足其他领域、搞多元化的等等研究目前百货业的经营业绩，可以更明了的看出百货行业的整体业绩以及在哪些方面的改善会使得百货业有更好的发展1.1研究的背景和意义1.1.1研究的背景自1852年世界上第一家百货店在法国巴黎开业以来, 百货店作为一种新型的业态受到世界各地消费者的欢迎在我国, 百货业已成为零售业的重要组成部分, 为满足居民物质文化的消费需求、促进城乡市场繁荣、带动就业做出了重要的贡献改革开放以后国内零售行业发生重大变化，百货业长期形成的优势地位逐渐受到威胁，有着160余年历史的百货商店，已经成为它的“学生们”瓜市场砧板上的肉百货业的经营面临着极大的挑战，各大百货业开始探索适合自己发展的方式和经营模式1.1.2研究的意义随着我国证券市场的不断壮大，上市公司数量的不断增加，上市公司在社会经济活动中起着越来越重要的作用在百货业近几年众多兼并合并事件的情形下，对投资者而言，投资目标的选择将十分困难经营业绩是上市公司质量的核心，它直接影响投资者投资决策的风险大小以及收益水平，决定证券市场能否健康发展。
因此，对上市公司经营业绩和综合实力的全面认识，对广大投资者来说意义重大此外，通过经营业绩的评价，企业可以清楚地了解自身经营业绩在本行业中所处的位置，这可以对企业经营者起到激励和鞭策作用1.2文献综述 鉴于本文的主要研究对象是百货业，对于百货业目前的状况国内的学者们的关注点和看法也各有所异下面对相关文献的内容进行一下梳理：李筱婧（2011）在文章《基于因子分析的甘肃省上市公司业绩评价及对策建议》中，从盈利能力，偿债能力、运营能力、成长能力四个方面，选取了12个具有代表性的指标，运用因子分析法并结合SPSS软件，对甘肃省全部上市公司的经营业绩进行了分析，并在此基础上提出了相关的意见王健，王晓（2010）在其文章《中国百货业自营模式的探索》中,首先介绍了现阶段联营模式存在的种种问题,其次介绍了现阶段百货业大力推行自营的众多困难最后阐述了自己的观点：虽然自营模式。