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1、英文时态：完成时态,完成动作： 1、现在完成（havehas done） 2、过去完成（had done） 3、将来完成（will have done） 完成时态概述： 形式：have done 意义：完成时态表示的是在某一特定时刻（现在、过去或将来）之前开始发生的并持续到这一特定时刻或对这一特定时刻有影响的一个活动。,现在完成时： 在现在之前（即过去）开始发生并持续到现在或对现在有影响的动作。 I have learned 2000 words so far. 过去完成时： 在过去之前（即过去的过去）开始发生的并持续到过去或对过去有影响的动作。 I had learned 1000 word
2、s by the end of last year. 将来完成时： 在将来之前（可能是过去、现在或将来）开始发生的并持续的将来或对将来有影响的动作。 I will have learned 3000 words by the end of next year.,一、现在完成时态（havehas done）,1、现在完成时态用法（一）：延续到现在的动作或状态 开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。 An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to
3、 her, “Dont you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a school teacher for 28 years now.” I have lived here for 3 years. The teacher has taught in this school since I came here. Ive worked in this company since I left school. Since time began, man has liv
4、ed in fear of fire.,或者，由上下文明确告知，开始于过去的动作只持续到说话时刻为止即已结束。例如： A：Have you waited long? B：Ive waited for three hours. Ive waited for him all day; I dont want to wait any longer. 这种现在完成时的特点： 1）谓语动词一般为延续性动词。 2）动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。 3）与这种用法的现在完成时态连用的时间状语通常是表示“一段时间”的时间状语，以说明某个动作或状态持续了多久。,与此种用法的现
5、在完成时态搭配的时间状语： since时间点 Ive worked in this company since 1980. Ive worked in this company since I left school. 注意不能说：since three years，而要说since three years ago。 for时间段 Ive worked in this company for three years. Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.,“到目前为止”：until now, up u
6、ntil now, up to now, up till now, so far等。例如： We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. “在最近几世纪年月以来”：in the past few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through
7、 centuries, throughout history等。例如： Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death. Through centuries the bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police, perplexed scientists and fascinated writers.,2、现在完成时态用法（二）：过去发生
8、但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态 表示在不确定的过去发生的某一动作对现在仍有影响。谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。 He has broken his leg. He broke his leg. A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers. The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely: “Miss, NO ADMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.” “Real1y?” the girl took off the slippers and carr
9、ied them in her hands, “Then I will go in barefootedly.” “Oh, my god!” the ticket-examiner cried out, “Fortunately, I have not told her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.” A：What has happened to Jane? She is crying. B：She broke the dining-room window. She has to face the music when her father gets home.,Mr.
10、Odds works in a bank and lives on his own. The only family he has is in the next town: his sister lives there with her husband, and her son, Mark. Last week Mr. Odds had a surprise. He drove home from the bank at the usual time, driving neither too slowly nor too fast; he parked his car where he alw
11、ays parked it, out of the way of other cars, and he went inside to make his evening meal. Straight away, there was a knock at the door. Mr. Odds opened the door, to find a policeman standing on the doorstep. “What have I done wrong?” Mr. Odds asked himself. “Have I driven on the wrong side of the ro
12、ad? Has there been some trouble at the bank? Have I forgotten to pay an important bill?” “Hello, Uncle,” said the policeman, “My names Mark.” You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it undrinkable by now. Abecame Bhad become Chas become Dbecomes,第二种现在完成时态使用技巧 1、这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”的时间状语连用 常
13、见的这类动词有：come, go, leave, kill, die, lose, buy, start, give, marry, join, bring, etc.），因此与它连用的时间状语不能是指“一段时间”。 I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.（） I have bought this pair of shoes for a year（） He has left his hometown for 3 years.（）,具有“新闻”性质 The President has been assassinated.
14、He cant go on holiday because he has broken his leg. 请认真体会下面对话： A：Have you seen the film “Forrest Gump”? B：Yes, I have. A：When did you see it? B：I saw it last spring. A：Did you see it alone? B：No, I saw it with my boyfriend.,A：The President has been assassinated. B：Really? When did that happen? A：He
15、 was killed last night when he spoke in crowd. A：I hear that famous Chinese comedian has died. B：Really? When did she die? A：She was dead late last night. A：Has the boss come yet? B：Yes, he has. He is in his office now. A：When did he come? B：He came at 9 oclock. He asked about you.,3、现在完成时态用法（三）：到目前
16、的一个时间段内重复发生的动作 For more than eighty years, scientists have argued over whether life exists on the planet Mars. Mary told her friend about her husbands poor memory. “My husband is losing his memory. But I cant complain. I have had three birthdays this year.” We have taken three tests so far this week. I have made many new friends since I came to Beijing. I have writ
