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1、简单句的五种基本类型预热 A: Father can lift a pig with one hand. Can your dad do that? ( with one hand作状语，修饰谓语lift，表示“用一只手就能把一头猪举起来”)B: I am not sure. Where do you get a pig with one hand? （with one hand作定语，修饰pig,表示只有一条腿的猪）学而时习英语句子有长有短，结构有简有繁。从表面上看，英语句子似乎千变万化，难以捉摸；但从本质上来说，英语句子有其内在的结构规律，这个基本的结构规律就是简单句的五种基本句型。英语句
2、子的结构对英语学习非常的重要,句子结构掌握得好坏还直接影响到阅读的速度及对文章的理解。知识点精讲透析英文的基本句型，就是讨论“主语 + 不同的谓语结构”。英文中能在句中独立担当谓语的动词可分为两大类：一类是系动词；另一类是实义动词。由系动词构成的谓语只有一种，由实义动词构成的谓语则有四种，从而就有了五种英文基本句型。一、主语谓语 （SV）该句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有时间、地点、方式等状语。常见的不及物动词有：work，sing，swim，fish，jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。例：The rain s
3、topped. They are talking.二、主语谓语宾语（SVO）该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中，当一个动词（包括单个动词和动词短语）作及物动词用时，它必须要有自己的宾语（除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过，为避免不必要的重复，才会省去），否则会视为“句子不完整”。 例：My mother is watching TV.I have learnt English for four years.三、主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语（SVOO）该句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语称为“间接宾语”，多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为“直接宾语”，往往由名词充
4、当。常见的这类谓语动词有： give(给某人), bring(带给某人), tell(告诉某人), send(送给某人), leave(留给某人), pass(递给某人), write(给某人写), show(给某人看), teach(教某人),lend(借给某人),buy(给某人买), pay(支付某人), hand(递给某人)等。例：Ill buy him a new watch. She showed me all her pictures.四、主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 （SVOC）该句型表示：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。其中，宾语补足语是对宾语“做
5、什么”、“怎么样”等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来说是必不可少。在这一结构中，宾语和谓语动词是“动宾关系”，而宾语和其补足语在逻辑上却是“主谓关系”。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。带复合宾语结构的常见及物动词有： elect(选举) , feel(感觉到) , find(发现) , get(使得) , have(使，让) , hear(听到) , imagine(想象) , keep(保持) , make(使) , notice(注意到) , see(看见) , let(使) , smell(闻到) , start(使开始) , watch(注视，看)
6、, appoint(任命) , believe(相信) , call(称) , catch(发现) , allow(容许) , ask(请求，要求) , cause(使得) , consider(认为) ,expect(预期) , wish(希望)等。例：We should keep the house clean and tidy.We made him our monitor.My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(注意：有很多人都不能区分双宾语和复合宾语，尤其是两者都是“动词+人+物”这样的结构时。其实，区分这两种宾语的
7、方法很简单，就是在宾语后面加上be动词，若能构成一个语义通顺的句子，即是补足语。)例：1）I made John our chairman. 我选了约翰当我们的主席。 2）I made John a cake. 我给约翰做了一块蛋糕。五、主语系动词表语（SVC）该句型中的谓语动词是系动词。系动词后接的部分可称为表语，也可称为（主语）补足语，主语补足语这一部分的主要功能是对主语进行说明、补充。英文中的系动词主要指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。此类动词常见的有：become（变成）, look（看上去）, seem（看起来）, appear（相似、显得）, get（
8、变得）, feel（摸起来）, grow（变得）, turn（变成）, remain（仍然是）, come（变得）, fall（变得）, hold（保持）, keep（保持）, stand（保持）, stay（保持）, smell（闻起来）, sound（听起来）, taste（尝起来）等。例：These flowers are very beautiful.The soup smells good.（温馨提示：英语中除了五种基本的句型外，还有并列句和复合句。用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构
9、，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在。）巩固练习划分下列句子的句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. It cost me three dollars.5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the pa
10、laces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say
11、?15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.课后盘点1. I am sorry to have kept you _. A.wait B.
12、 to wait C. waiting D. waited 2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road. A. run B. ran C. to run D. running3. Rose is going to have her hair _. A. cutting B. to cut C. cut D. have cut4. She felt somebody _her. A. touched B. touches C. touch D. to touch5. She taught him _speak English. A. how B.
13、 how could he C. how he could D. how to 6.He didnt enjoy the play because he _. A. was boring B. bored C. was bored D. boring 7. I will make your dream _. A. comes true B. to come true C. coming truly D. come true8.He warned _ home.A. us to not go B. us not to go C. we not go D. us not go 9. Canned food does not go _. A. bad easily B. badly easy C. bad easy D. badly easily10. We must have the machine _. A. to repair B. repairing C. repair D. repaired 第 4 页 共 4 页
