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1、,Are you familiar with these sentences: Yangtze River, the longest river in our country, is facing severe pollution problems. YangLiping, a famous dancer in china, has become a focus of public attention recently. The news that the U.S has declared war on Iraq came early this morning. The fact that h
2、er hair is turning gray worried her a lot.,名词性从句之三 -同位语从句,由NordriDesign提供 ,Noun clauses as the appositive,一、 概念,同位语 VS 同位语从句,同位语： 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词进行说明或解释，这个名词(或其它形式)就是另一个名词的同位语。如： Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. We have two children, a
3、boy and a girl.,More examples?,同位语的三种形式,1.名词作同位语 Donna, the cheerleader, received a big hug from the famous footballer. 2.短语作同位语 Lorry, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to apply for the scholarship of Harvard. Who is that man, the first in the front row? 3.句子作同位语 The news that t
4、he oil price will go down is untrue. (同位语从句）,1.名词作同位语 Donna, the cheerleader, received a big hug from the famous footballer. 2.短语作同位语 Lorry, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to apply for the scholarship of Harvard. Who is that man, the first in the front row? 3.句子作同位语 The news t
5、hat the oil price will go down is untrue. (同位语从句）,二、同位语从句,同位语从句 是用来解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词为先行词。同位语从句在主句中的作用相当于先行词的作用。 同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope wish, promise, report, suggestion, conclusion等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。,例：The news that the
6、y had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again. I
7、 have no idea where he lives.,同位语从句的先行词,被同位语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词，常见到的先行词有： advice，announcement, answer, belief ， chance, conclusion demand, doubt, decision, evidence ， explanation fact ， feeling hope, idea, information, impression message , news order, opinion, problem , promise , proposal , possibility qu
8、estion , request , report , rumor, reason suggestion , thought wish , word , warning,这些词有什么共同点？,同位语从句的引导词,同位语从句的引导词有： that, whether，what, which, who when, where, how, why,1. 如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。 （即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at
9、 once.,2. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.,3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式“ “为什么” 等含义，应用when, where, how, why等词引导同位语从句。 例：I have no idea when he will be back. They raised another question where we
10、should get the money. He had no idea how Joe managed to get out of the well. The question why so many animals died suddenly in that area remains unsettled.,Exercises: 1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his abil
11、ity. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ .,6. Ive come from the govern
12、ment with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying t
13、heir best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when,11. The reason _ she failed the test is that she was too nervous. A. that B. where C. when D. why
14、 12. Ms Zhang raised a question _ we could get the money. A. that B. where C. what D. why,需注意的情况：, 有时候主句的谓语比较短，同位语从句比较长，这个从句就不一定紧接在它所说明的名词后面。 如：Word came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese. The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad. The thought came to him that the criminal mig
15、ht have disguised.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,一、That 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 所表达的内容不同 同：先行词的具体内容 定：先行词的性质、特征等 1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,1.The suggestion that students should learn something prac
16、tical is worth considering. 2.The suggestion（that) they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,2. 在句中所起的语法作用不同 同： that是连词，不充当任何成分，但不能省略 定： that是关系代词，充当主语、宾语等，作宾语时可省略,二、when where why 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 when where why 引导的定语从句，分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。 The photo reminds me of the time when I worked for the
