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1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念： 在复合句中放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,宾语从句三要素：,一、引导词 二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语） 三 、时态 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移,第一讲：宾语从句的引导词,一、引导词,that 从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略） if/whe
2、ther（是否）从句是一般疑问句 wh/how(即特殊疑问词)从句是特殊疑问句 We know （that）we should learn from each other. Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether; 是肯定语气，用that.,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（
3、包括肯定句和否定 句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.,在主句
4、为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来） He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们） The teacher told us (that
5、) _. （地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about tha
6、t city . She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .,If/whether（是否）的区别,一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词后：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主语从句：Whet
7、her he is right isnt important.,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom)
8、we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁） 3. He asked _. （谁的书法是班上最好的） 4.Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会） 5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿） 6. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站
9、） 7. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,C
10、ould you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will be ready .,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,1. The y
11、oung man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or n
12、ot . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when 6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily said _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he stil
13、l lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether,B,A,B,D,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态,或祈使句 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,第二讲：宾语从句的时态,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一
14、定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .,1. I didnt know what time
15、 he _ the letter. (write) 2. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the sun. 3. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 4. Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai several times. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 6. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do),wrote,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,三、语序 宾语从
