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1、简单句之一,主语+谓语+宾语 I bought a very good book yesterday. 主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语 我们知道：名词，代词，动词-ing形式或者to do形式都可以做宾语。例如：buy a book， like him， stop doing sth， want to do sth. 等。 这些例子中的宾语都是用一个单词或者短语来表达的。,但是，如果你想要表达“我知道你昨天看电影了”时，我们就无法在know后用一个简单的单词表达“你昨天看电影了”这个结构中的本身完整的一个句子，此时我们就只能用句子表达。 那这种放在动词后面做宾语的句子，即“宾语从句”。,宾语从句,
2、概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一 个句子充当宾语时,我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。 （一般句子的主要成分都是主语谓语宾语，从句的意思是句子里面还有句子，宾语从句就是说由一段句子作宾语的句子） 宾语从句的三要点： 1、引导词 2、从句语序 3、从句的时态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,宾语从句可分为三类 1. 从属连词that引导的宾语从句 2.从属连词if,whether引导的宾语从句 that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句 而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.,2. 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,ho
3、w,why,when 引导的宾语从句 在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述语序。,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour . （我听说一小时后他会回来） He said (that) he missed us very much. （他说他非常想念我们） The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. （老师告诉我们地球围着太阳转）,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语中that
4、往往可以省略,当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，起后面的句子一般用that引导。例如： I hope (that) it will snow this winter. I believe (that) we shall become good friends. Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.,当主句的谓语是think , believe 等动词时，某后作宾语的that从句如果否定意义，通常将否定词not移至主句动词之前。,否定转移,I dont think he is having a meeting
5、. I dont believe (that) we shall become good friends.,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,温馨提示：并非所有的动词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句。常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe, expect（希望）, explain（解释）, feel, hear, hope, imagine（猜想）, prefer（提出）, promise（承诺）, report（报告）, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn（提醒）, wish等。,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句,
6、如果要表达像“他不知道他们周六是否会去植树”或“我记不清以前是否见过他”这样的不确定的概念时，从句就要用whether或if来引导，不能用that。例如： He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. He asked whether / if we will go fishing on Sunday. Tom wants to know whether/ if he needs to come early tomorrow. 思考：有两个引导词，一个是whether，一个是if，应该如何选择？,注意在下列
7、情况下一般用whether,而不用if .,I am interested in whether hell go to have a picnic,作介词的宾语时，用whether，而不用if.,Whether this is true or not , I am not sure .,whether 引导的从句可移到主句之前而if不能。,注意在下列情况下一般用whether,而不用if .,3、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if. I dont know whether it is going to rain or not.（是否要下雨） 4、在不定式前，引导词只
8、能用whether而不能用if. I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.,由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what 及连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,1. He asked who could answer the question . (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know whom they are waiting for .（他们在等谁） 3. He asked whose handwriting was the best in the class
9、 . （谁的书法是班上最好的） 4. Please tell me when we will have a meeting . （我们什么时候开会） 5. Can you tell me where he is . （他在哪儿） 6. Could you tell me how I can get to the station . （我该怎么去车站） 7. Would you tell me why the train is late .（为什么火车迟到了）,二、从句语序：一律用陈述语序 主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他,He asked me when I arrived in Shang
10、hai . I want to know where they will go. Could you tell me what you are reading? I dont know where he lives.,请注意看红色字体的语序,e.g: Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please t
11、ell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .,三.主从句的时态呼应,1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。 2.主句是一般过去时, 从句用过去范畴的时态。 3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真 理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。 e.g: He says that he is reading a book now. He said that he would work hard. They said they had been to France. The students asked me if the earth goes round
12、 the sun.,具体的时态的变化,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。 e.g： I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相
13、互一致。 e.g ：He said ( that ) he would go to Xian. He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday. He said ( that ) he was reading a book. He said ( that ) he had had supper already. 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.g：He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon. The teacher told the
14、 students that light travels faster than sound. The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .,四.宾语从句的标点符号,标点符号 ：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。 e.g ：He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me whic
15、h colour you like best . Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?,Practice,1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop- keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was interesting. Aif Bhow Cwhat,2I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us He will help us with our English Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere,3We never k
16、now _ the old man is They say he is a teacher Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere,4Could you tell me _ ? Im going to see him Sorry，I dont know A. where does Mr Li live B. where did Mr Li live C. Where Mr Li lives D. where MrLi lived,Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech 间接引语.,直接引述别人的 话，要加引号,用自己的话转述 别人的话，不用 引号,The boy sai
