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1、 8A Unit1-8 语法总结语法 形容词/副词的比较等级(1)用法讲解大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最”，用于三者及三者以上之间的比较，用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最” 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成a. 规则变化之口诀：直接加；去e加；双写加；变y加; more/ most b. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / il
2、lworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarther, furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest比较级前的修饰语:still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather；a little, a bit；much, a lot, far, many；twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years形容词的比较等级(2)常见句型 A=B A+ V + as
3、 + adj./adv. + as + B （与。一样）He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。 He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。A B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。不一样）They didnt do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。Ive never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。A B 或A B A + V + 比较级 + than + B
4、（比。）Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/ + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/）This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。表示程度的递增主语 + V + 比较级+ an
5、d+比较级 (越来越) 主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (越来越) The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。表示两种情况同时变化The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + ，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + (越越) The more we get together, the happier well be.=If we get together more, well be hap
6、pier.我们聚得越多.我们就会越高兴。The harder you study, the better youll be at English.= If you study harder, youll be better at English.你学习越努力，你的英语成绩越好。 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of (是最之一) Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。 主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级 + in/of (最) Ann studies hardest of
7、 all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。 主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级 + of the two (较的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in (比任何其他的更)主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in(比任何其他的更)He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他
8、的任何学生高。= He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class.= He is taller than the other students in his class.= He is taller than the others in his class.11.A+ V + more/ fewer + 可数名词复数+ than B (A比B 做更多、更少。) A+ V + more/ less + 不可数名词复数+ than B (A比B 做
9、更多、更少。) Jhon studies more subjects than Nancy.Jhon比Nancy学更多科目。Students in the USA have more weeks off in the summertime than British students.在夏天美国学生比英国学生有更多周不上课。12. A+ V + the same （size/ colour/ age.）as + B （A与B一样） My uniform is the same as Simons uniform. 我的校服和Simon的校服一样. Millies pencil box is th
10、e same size as Amys pencil box. 我的铅笔盒和Amy的铅笔盒一样大。 A+ V + different from + B （A与B不一样） Kittys rubber is different from Simons rubber. Kitty的橡皮和Simon的橡皮不一样。反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself/herself/itselfthemselves（1）作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, se
11、at, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。它在句中作宾语，不能省略，否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。如：He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。 She was talking to herself.她自言自语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。（2）作主语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。如：Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是
12、你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗？(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)（3）作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如：Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。 I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。祈使句讲解一、祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使
13、句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用句号结尾祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，例：Go and wash your hands. 例如：保持肃静！Be kind to our sister. Watch your steps. 表示禁止的句式有：不准、不要、别、No parking. 二、表现形式 肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here.有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:Thi
14、s way, please. = Go this way, please. 。2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成，如:Dont forget me!Dont be late for school! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!用let的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： 1、let 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用Dont let.（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用Let.not （见例(10)）： Dont let this type of things happen again. Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 2、Let只适
