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1、【MeiWei_81-优质适用文档】第一单元单词：1. characteristic特征;特性n.特有的，特色的adj.charactern.性格，品质；特性；角色；2.radium镭n.3.painter画家n.4.putforward提出；提前=comeupwith(aquestion/plan/proposal.)5.scientific科学的adj.sciencen.科学6.conclude结束;推断出vt.&vi.conclusion结论;结束n.draw/reach/cometoaconclusion得出结论9.analyse分析vt.analysisn.分析base(n./v.)
2、基础；以为基础basis基础n.10.infect传染;感染vt.infectious传染的adj.12.cholera霍乱n.13.defeat打败;受挫;使战胜vt.失败n.14.expert=specialist专家;行家n.=experienced熟练的;经验或知识丰富的adj.beexpertin在.方面是内行的15.attend照顾;护理;出席;参加vt.=(lookafter/takecareof)16.physician医生;内科医师n.类似的还有music-musician17.expose暴露;揭露;使曝光vt.exposeto使显露;暴露vt.exposuren.暴露，曝
3、光19.deadly致命的adj.20.cure治愈;痊愈n.治愈;治疗vt.curesbofsth某人治愈了(疾病)21.outbreak爆发;发作n.（区分短语breakout）22.challenge挑战n.向挑战vt.23.victim受害者n.24.absorb吸收;吸引;使专心vt.sbbeabsorbed/buriedin专注于，沉迷于25.suspect怀疑vt.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯n.26.enquiry询问n.enquirev.27.neighborhood附近;邻近n.28.severe严重的;剧烈的;严厉的adj.29.clue线索;提示n.30.pump泵;抽水机n.(用
4、泵)抽(水)vt.31.Cambridgestreet剑桥大街32.forese-forsaw-forseen遇见，预知vt.33.investigate调查vt.&vi.=lookintoinvestigation调查n.35.blame责备;谴责vt.过失;责备n.Sb/sthbetoblame(fordoing)应当被责备taketheblameforsth为承担责任blamesthonsb=laytheblameonsbforsth因某事而责怪某人,把某事归咎于某人36.pollute污染;弄脏vt.pollutionn.37.handle柄;把手n.处理;操纵vt.38.germ微生
5、物;细菌n.39.link连接;联系n.40.link.to.将和联系或连接起来41.announce宣布;通告vt.announcement宣布；通告n.makean作出声明42.certainty确信;确实n.withcertain肯定地certainadj.确信的certainly确实是adv.43.instruct命令;指示;教导vt.instruction命令;指示;教导n.44.responsible有责任的;负责的adj.responsibility责任n.45.construct建设;修建vt.construction建设;建筑物n.47.contribute捐献;贡献;捐助v
6、t.&vi.contribution捐献;贡献;捐助n.makeacontribution/contriutionsto有利于，促进48.apartfrom除之外;此外49.firework烟火(燃放)n.50.chart图表n.51.creative有创造力的;创造性的;独创的adj.create(v.)创造creative(adj.)creativity(n.)创造力act(v.)行动active(adj.)活跃的activity(n.)活动52.co-operative合作的adj.co-前缀共同的operatev.53.positive积极的;肯定的;确实的adj.54.bestric
7、twith.对严格的55.NicolausCopernicus尼古拉.哥白尼(波兰天文学家)56.revolutionary革命的;重大变革的adj.57.movement移动;运动;动作n.58.makesense讲得通;有意义59.backward向后的(地);相反的(地);退步的(地)adj.&adv.60.loop圈;环n.61.privately私下地;秘密地adv.privacyn.隐私62.spin(spun，spun)(使)旋转;纺(线或纱)vt.&vi.63.brightness明亮;亮度;聪颖n.64.enthusiastic热情的;热心的adj.enthusiasmn.热
8、情65.cautious小心的;谨慎的adj.cautionn.谨慎66.reject拒绝;不接受;抛弃vt.67.universe宇宙;世界n.universialadj.普遍的JohnSnowdefeats“kingcholera”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinlondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedqueenvictoraasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople(exposed to cholera).Thisw
9、asthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.Johnsnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.约翰雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她
10、,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命的疾病,不论他的感染方式还是治愈方法都无从知晓,所以每次爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生.约翰学想要面对这个挑战并且解决这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制.Hebecameinsterestedintwotheoriesthatpoissiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfound
11、itsvictim.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirboddieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,这病毒从胃里很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡.Johnsnowsuspectedthatthesecondthe
12、orywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquire.Asthediseasequicklyspreadthroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.约翰雪怀疑第二个学
13、说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet.Healsonoticedthatsome
14、houseshadhadnodeath.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations,hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7Cambridgestreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepunp.It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了
15、一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水.Next,Johnsnowlookintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriver(pollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon).HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadBtreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwordsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.接下来,约翰雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后
